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1. Introduction Intensive agriculture and climate change can lead to the proliferation of microscopic fungi, which can cause severe economic and health damage through their toxin production. Fusarium species infect cereals, such as wheat, barley, oats, and maize, worldwide. According to the Biomin Worldwide Mycotoxin Survey [1], the percentage of positive samples of finished feeds in Europe was 65% for deoxynivalenol (DON) with an average of 268 µg/kg (maximum: 18,300...
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1. Introduction Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium fungi. DON is the most widespread mycotoxin found in grains such as wheat, rye, barley, maize, oats, and their byproducts [1,2]. A recent survey, reported that DON is the most frequent contaminant of feedstuffs in Europe [3]. From 4311 samples evaluated, 63% were positive, with an average positive level of 0.6 mg/kg and a maximum of 40.7 mg/kg. For poultry feeding stuffs, the recommended maximum...
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VICAM is a global leader in the development of rapid food safety diagnostics for field and laboratory.
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The liver is the largest gland of the body and an accessory organ of the poultry digestive system. The liver involves in a wide range of functions including the fat mobilization and metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and...
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Multi-mycotoxins contamination exposes ruminant livestock to health and performance issue
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1. Introduction Contamination of cereal grains and their byproducts by mycotoxins is a worldwide problem negatively affecting poultry production [1]. Two Fusarium mycotoxins which are among the most toxic and frequent feed contaminants are the trichothecene deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisins (FUM). DON is produced as a secondary metabolite by Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum, whereas FUM are secondary metabolites which are mainly produced by Fusarium verticillioides...
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INTRODUCTION For feed chain stakeholders in an increasingly competitive marketplace, the bottom line can rise or fall with the contaminant levels in grain and other raw materials. The repercussions of feedstuffs that fail to meet the highest safety and quality standards can spread across the entire value chain, jeopardizing livestock health and the reputation and economic performance of multiple businesses and entire growing regions. Ultimately, toxic contaminants that slip...
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All-in-one mycotoxin extraction method for faster time-to-results - Myco 5-in-1 PLUS
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Introduction Corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the most cultivated cereals around the world. It has a relevant role in economy and society due to its high nutritional value and productive potential [1,2]. Brazil is the third major producer of corn, after the United States and China [3]. Most Brazilian states are corn producers, but the largest volume of the cereal is harvested in the mid-west, the southeast and the south regions. Considering the 2018/2019 corn harvest, the leading...
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1. Introduction Mycotoxins, the secondary fungal metabolites of toxigenic species are mainly produced by the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium. These toxigenic species predominantly contaminate cereals during pre- and post-harvest storage and many other stages [1]. The production of mycotoxins in grains depends on several factors, including humidity, temperature, water activity, mechanical damages and fungal toxigenic potentials [2]. Based on their toxicological...
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In 2021 mycotoxins semiannual survey, Life Rainbow Biotech randomly collected 163 feed samples of raw materials and feed mills in farms and analyzed. The samples were tested for aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, and G2), zearalenone, fumonisins (B1, B2, and B3) and deoxynivalenol (DON) by the ELISA Mycotoxin analysis kit. Results: 163 feed samples collected, and 74.8% were contaminated with Zearalenone and 71.8% contaminated with Aflatoxins (table 1). The maximum concentrations of...
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Multi-mycotoxins contamination exposes ruminant livestock to health and performance issue
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All-in-one mycotoxin extraction method for faster time-to-results - Myco 5-in-1 PLUS
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1. Introduction
The appearance of new transmittable plant diseases is determined by anthropogenic and conservational change, including changes in trade, land use, and climate [1–4]. The growth of infected plant material through trade in plant products, germplasm, grafts, and live plants has been recognised as the greatest contributing factor to the emergence of new plant diseases [5–7]. A pathogen may be introduced without disease emergence initially...
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Multi-mycotoxins contamination exposes ruminant livestock to health and performance issue
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1. Introduction Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites produced naturally by some species of filamentous fungi, such as Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium [1,2]. Fungal growth can occur before or after harvest, during storage, or in foods, especially in environments with high humidity and temperatures, followed by mycotoxin production. Most mycotoxins are chemically sta-ble and persist after food processing [3,4]. The most investigated mycotoxins are aflatoxin B1 (AFB1),...
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1. Introduction Mycotoxins are among the secondary metabolites released by molds, particularly fungi, which contaminate agricultural products pre-harvest, during harvest, and/or postharvest and mostly exhibit toxicity to animals and humans [1–3]. Common mycotoxins include aflatoxins, ochratoxins, zearalenone (ZEA), patulin, sterigmatocystins (STCs),citrinin, ergotamine, deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisins, trichothecenes, etc. Human exposure to these mycotoxins can occur via...
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All-in-one mycotoxin extraction method for faster time-to-results - Myco 5-in-1 PLUS
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Climate change threatens future food security due to the probable increase in temperature and changes in precipitation patterns which could affect the distribution of where different crops may be viably grown 1,2 . Land suitability and capability classifications are used to evaluate the best growing areas for specific crops and to identify factors that might limit their growth 3,4 . Key factors in determining these classifications include fluctuations in moisture...
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Introduction The poultry industry in Nigeria is an essential subsector of agriculture that provides food, employment, and other economic resources for the country (Ezekiel et al. 2012a). Livestock production can be threatened when feeds are contaminated by fungi and their toxic metabolites. Several mycotoxins, including aflatoxins (AFs), cyclopiazonic acid (CPA ), fumonisins (FUMs ), nivalenol (N IV ) and zearalenone (ZEN) have been reported to contaminate poultry feed and their...
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