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INTRODUCTION The poultry gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is home to a complex, dynamic, and variable bacterial-dominated microbiota (Zhu et al., 2002). This GIT microbiome variation may be explained by different host characteristics and environmental factors (Kers et al., 2018), including birds age (Ballou et al., 2016; Pedroso et al., 2016), sex (Torok et al., 2013; Zhao et al., 2013), type and breed (Videnska et al., 2014; Kim et al., 2015), and GIT regions (Yeoman et al., 2012)....
Corn-soya based mash diet has problem in flowing in the feeder and it gets stuck in the bridge. Some of the literature say that sodium bentonite can be mixed at the rate of 2kg/ton to overcome this problem. I need practical suggestion regarding use of sodium bentonite in poultry mash feed. And is there any other more effective solution to this problem other than using clay? ...
1. Introduction Livestock plays an important role in the Indian economy. Livestock sector recorded growth in value of output about 4.8 % per annum. The eleventh five year plan expected higher growth in twelfth five year plan. The increased demand for protein foods in the country is the main driver for growth, which also includes small stakeholders and landless farmers, account for major share in ownership of livestock which has recorded 5%growth per annum previously, can grow...
What indicators are there that the feed is processed and manufactured well? Why the Mixer Matters in Animal Protein Production? Hear what Dr. Johnny Wilson has to say about these topics...
INTRODUCTION An important function of animal production is to provide high-quality protein for human consumption. In order to fulfill this role, animals themselves require high-quality protein in correct proportions in their diets. There are many ways to assess the quality of proteins, but nevertheless, they are all related to amino acid supply, which thus becomes a key feature in animal nutrition. For many years,...
Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that different combinations of conditioning and expansion of soybean expellers increases nutritional value. Non-heat-treated soybean expellers (L-1) and soybean expellers conditioned for 60 s at...
Soybean meal (SBM) is an ingredient with a high digestibility of protein, Lys, and Met. An optimal heating process of SBM is required to eliminate antinutritional components that negatively interfere with digestion, absorption, and metabolism of nutrients. The effect of 3 commercial SBM batches were subjected to different heat treatments to evaluate its effect on growth performance and intestinal integrity. A total of 1,860 male Cobb 500 broiler chicks were vaccinated at 1d of age with a...
INTRODUCTION Poultry production is one of the largest sources of animal protein supply for human consumption in the world. For many countries, like Australia, chicken-meat is the dominant animal protein, therefore production must continue to expand to supply increasing demand. In Australia, for instance, per capita consumption of chicken-meat is predicted to increase by 7.9% over the next 5 years [1]. Furthermore, feed represents 65% of total chicken-meat production cost [2],...
INTRODUCTION It is important to estimate precisely the energy value of feedstuffs and diets, either for least-cost formulation or for adapting feed supply to the metabolizable energy requirements of broilers. Unfortunately, such energy is not used with 100% of efficiency for production, because during metabolism, around 15% of the energy is wasted as heat, and this is commonly referred to as heat increment or specific dynamic action. In fact, net energy values vary with bird...
Introduction Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] meal (SBM) is typically the main protein feedstuff included in livestock diets (Félix et al., 2010; Oliveira et al., 2020). After being subjected to an adequate heat treatment, SBM has a high crude protein content, as well as a high digestible energy and low fiber contents (Félix et al., 2010). In general, SBM makes up 30% of broiler diets (Duarte & Junqueira, 2013). However, broiler performance is strongly...
1. Introduction In Nigeria today, despite the significant investment in commercial agriculture by the government, aid agencies, multilateral organizations and individuals, livestock production has not succeeded in meeting the protein demands in the country (Oluwatayo and Adedeji, 2019) [1]. The increasing human population in the country has indicated that the conventional forms of livestock production and artisanal fisheries which have been over-exploited will not be sufficient...
Feed contributes about 70% of total expenses required for the modern poultry enterprises in general. As the days go by, the issue is becoming a cause of concern and it becomes almost mandatory to rethink on the feeding strategies to make the enterprises profitable & sustainable as well. Since the major reason for the concern is the rise in prices of various feedstuffs thus as a consequence practice to utilize comparatively cheaper and unconventional feed ingredients becomes time...
Pellet Quality
For purposes of this paper, pellet quality will be equated to the ability of pellets to withstand repeated handling without excessive breakage or fines generation. There are many factors that affect pellet quality, but the following will be discussed in some detail:
· formulation · ingredient particle size · mash conditioning · feed rate · die speed · die specifications (design) ·...
Starch is the most abundant source of energy in broiler diets, providing about 50 % of apparent metabolisable energy. Broiler diets generally contain approximately 40 % starch, which is thought to be completely digested within the small intestine. However, the microbiota in the large intestine also plays an important role in starch digestion, producing volatile fatty acids that act as an energy source. The potential consequence of this is an incorrect prediction of the digestible energy...
INTRODUCTION The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) forecasts that the human population will increase by 30% by 2050 (FAO, 2019) with corresponding increase in demand for food. Animal protein, the largest component of human food is entirely dependent on livestock production channels as its source. Over 70% of the cost of livestock production is feed, and the second largest component and cost of feed is the crude protein, a segment that has been challenged for its...
Improving poultry meat quality along with cutting down the cost of production has been one of the major objectives of most farmers and nutritionists. To achieve this objective, several strategies have been adopted, one of which is dietary energy management. Energy is the foremost important and largest part of poultry feed. This energy is either comes from grains like corn, wheat, soy, etc or through fat. ...
I. INTRODUCTION Interactions among the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) have long been observed in poultry (D’Mello and Lewis, 1970; Tuttle and Balloun, 1976; Mendonca and Jensen, 1989), but their effects on broiler performance have been contested with various researchers reporting no effects of BCAA interactions on broiler performance in practical diets (Burnham et al., 1992; Barbour and Latshaw, 1992; Waldroup et al., 2002)....
INTRODUCTION Farm animals are raised to produce commodities such as meat, dairy products, and fiber. Energy, amino acids (AA), minerals, vitamins, and water are used by animals for body maintenance, growth, reproduction, and lactation. Body maintenance and the synthesis of body tissues (i.e., lean, fat, etc.) are dependent upon an adequate supply of dietary nutrients (1). The energy and nutrient losses associated with the conversion of dietary energy and nutrients into animal...
Márcio Gonçalves shares some insights about energy sources for swine diets, in this Swine It video....