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Feed formulation
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Introduction Poultry scientists have long discussed and debated how the energy values of feed ingredients should be expressed (Zuidhof 2019). Pesti (2024) suggested that it is time for a paradigm shift in the way feed ingredient nutrient contents are described, and labeled the new categories collectively the Armidale method (see Fig. 1 for examples). He also proposed expanding the net energy (NE) to NEATP, based on the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) system of...
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I. INTRODUCTION Acid binding capacity (ABC) of an ingredient, through its effect on gastric pH, plays an important role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients in poultry. The ABC is defined as the resistance of a feed ingredient to the pH reduction by gastric acid. Limestone, the major Ca source in poultry diets, has a high ABC (Lawlor et al., 2005), which can increase the digesta pH and, influence the solubility and digestibility of nutrients, including minerals. The average...
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Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) are fermented in the gut by the microbiota leading to the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). A previous study showed that XOS (0.5%) and arabinoxylan-rich fraction (AXRF; 1%) supplementation can improve feed efficiency and gut health in broiler chickens (Castro et al., 2023). This study aimed to evaluate microbiome composition and fermentation patterns following XOS/AXRF supplementation. The hypothesis is that XOS/AXRF supplementation would increase...
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I. INTRODUCTION Wheat and sorghum are the most common feed grains for chicken-meat production in Australia. In two direct comparisons birds offered maize-based diets were better able to accommodate dietary crude protein (CP) reductions than wheat-based diets (Chrystal et al., 2021; Greenhalgh et al., 2022). One underlying reason for this difference appears to be the higher protein contents of wheat than maize and, similarly, wheat (n = 27) contained higher protein levels (115.5...
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1. Introduction Soybeans originated in East Asia and were domesticated from wild soybeans (Glycine soja) between 1700 and 1100 B.C. and are now grown worldwide [1]. However, soybean production and utilization were limited within or near its center of Origin (the Orient) for centuries. The first recorded use of soybeans in the U.S. was in 1765 in Savannah, GA. It is thought that Samuel Bowen, a former seaman of the East India Company, brought soybeans to the U.S. from China via...
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Introduction The increasing world population and the growing demand for animal-based foods are driving research towards alternative, sustainable and low-environmental impact protein sources for livestock feed. In this context, edible insects, in particular the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L., BSF), are increasingly recognised as a valuable alternative resource for animal nutrition due to their efficiency in nutrient conversion, rapid growth and ability to transform...
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1. Introduction Poultry production is an important agricultural subsector in many countries. Poultry are birds which render economic services to humans as a primary supplier of meat, egg and raw materials for different industries (feather, waste products, etc.), source of income and employment to people when compared to other domestic animals [1]. According to USDA (2020), the world chicken meat production in 2020 increased than previous years. In July 2020, the total production of...
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1. Introduction The poultry industry is an important, fast-growing sector for producing low-cost and rich nutrients for human consumption. This industry is always at risk of infectious and non-infectious agents that cause adverse losses. Antibiotics, especially growth promoter types, are widely used to increase gut health, reduce subclinical infections, and promote growth and production [1]. However, antibiotic overuse negatively impacts the balance of the normal gut microbiome along...
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Updated Vitamin Requirements Across Species: Microvit® Nutrition Guide
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1. Introduction Over the years, broiler chickens have been selected for rapid growth, which makes them very efficient at depositing body protein in a short period of time. This is important since the broiler sector is expected to contribute to the growing global demand for poultry meat. In light of this, the quality of proteins fed to poultry is becoming more important. Animal and plant ingredients are the main sources of protein used in poultry diets and they vary in...
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I. INTRODUCTION Sustainability comprises three principal components: the environment (demand for resources and potential for environmental pollution), ethical issues (welfare of man and his animals), and economic robustness (FAO, 2012). At first glance, insect protein is a sustainable alternative to traditional protein sources such as soybean meal. Insect production requires less land, water and other resources than traditional protein sources, and they can be raised on...
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The Circular Bioeconomy and its impact on Feed Ingredients
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1. Introduction The gastrointestinal tract is a dynamic and complex environment that requires a correlation between the gut microbiota and the host for good functionality [1–3]. The composition of the gut microbiota changes throughout the life of the animal or due to various factors like the environment, behavior, and diets [4]. Studies indicate a strong correlation between intestinal diseases and the constitution of the microbiota [1,2]. A healthy gut is an essential...
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Laying hens have a cyclic reproductive physiology that requires high dietary protein and energy levels for yolk and albumen formation in the early morning and high dietary Ca levels for shell and membrane formation in the afternoon/evening. Therefore, feeding one diet throughout each day may be problematic as there is excess Ca in the morning and excess protein/amino acids and energy in the afternoon/evening. To minimise excess nutrients, there is increasing interest in alternative...
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Smart Sensors for Grain and Forage Management
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I. INTRODUCTION The emergence of zoonoses, antimicrobial resistance, and more recently pandemics, has led to a rapid escalation of society demands regarding animal production and consumption. In addition to conventional practices like the genetic selection and vaccination strategies, numerous emerging solutions such as the supplementation of probiotics or short chain fatty acids in animal feed are being pursued to enhance animal health and resilience to disease. The glyceride of...
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In Australia, 35 million tonnes of sugarcane are harvested annually which produces approx. 10 million tonnes of a by-product called bagasse. Sugarcane bagasse is an insoluble fibre source and recent studies in broilers indicated that bagasse can be added at 2% in both normal and reduced protein (RP) diets to improve FCR by 2-3 points and weight gain by 30-40 g (Sharma et al., 2021a,b). Thus, sugarcane bagasse may be a novel insoluble fibre source for poultry. Follow-up studies were conducted...
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Nelson Ruiz (Nelson Ruiz Nutrition, LLC) discusses the correlation between poultry amino acid digestibility, KOH protein solubility, and trypsin inhibitor activity in this Engormix interview at IPPE 2026 in Atlanta. ...
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Updated Vitamin Requirements Across Species: Microvit® Nutrition Guide
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From VICTAM 2026, Josef Barbi, president of E.S.E. & INTEC, shares key insights from advances in palm oil processing and edible margarine production to emerging technologies in oil extraction, the industry is undergoing significant transformation. ...
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Eng. Josef Barbi, president of E.S.E. & INTEC, shares key takeaways from a recent aquaculture conference in Ghent, Belgium. As global aquaculture continues to expand, the industry faces growing challenges around ingredient availability, feed costs, and sustainable production. ...
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The Circular Bioeconomy and its impact on Feed Ingredients
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INTRODUCTION Feed (ration) formulation is a technique by which different feed ingredients are combined to provide required nutrient to animals for a period of time, usually 24 hours, at different stages of production. A ration should supply all essential nutrients and energy to maintain vital physiological functions of growth, reproduction and health of animals. Ration should be palatable, digestible with permissible level of anti-nutritional...
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Engineer Josef Barbi, President of E.S.E. & Intec, presents one of the company’s most robust extrusion systems designed for complete fish feed production plants. ...
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