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Feed formulation
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Every year the marketing age of broilers decreases by an average of 0.75 days for the same performance. This trend is likely to continue in the same direction for the coming years. Nutrition plays a vital role in enabling this improvement. As the feed cost represents an expensive input (~70-80% of broiler production cost), the poultry producer should be aware of the dynamics of the feed in its influence on final product quantity and quality. Formulating feed ideally requires in-depth...
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In previous assays (Macelline et al., 2022), data on egg production rate (EP) and egg mass (EM) of Isa Brown layers from 27 to 33 weeks of age (peak production -PP) and from 42 to 48 weeks of age (Post PP) were used to predict amino acid (AA) requirements by fitting linear broken-line (LBL), and quadratic broken-line (QBL) models. Subsequently, the ideal ratios of Ile, Met + Cys, Thr, Trp, and Val relative to Lys for maximal EM and EP were determined. The current feeding study was...
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I. INTRODUCTION Xylans and cellulose are the predominant fibre-polysaccharides in animal feeds, and xylanases, together with phytases, are the most widely used supplemental microbial enzymes in feeds. Proteinaceous xylanase inhibitors (XI), primarily attributed to three types, Triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor (TAXI), xylanase inhibiting protein (XIP) and thaumatin-like xylanase inhibitors (TLXI), are found in a wide range of plant feedstuffs, particularly cereals grains such as...
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I. AMINO ACIDS: TOWARDS MORE PRECISE FORMULATION Dietary protein reduction in swine or poultry is driven by economic, environmental and societal issues - the three pillars of sustainability. Formulating on the basis of each indispensable amino acid (IAA) instead of a minimum crude protein (CP) level allows a reduction in feed cost, a decreased dependency on imported soybean meal, and a lower pressure on animal health. In addition, the increasing availability of feed grade amino acids...
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Low protein diets are being investigated to reduce feed cost and address health, welfare and environmental concerns associated with feeding meat chickens excess dietary crude protein (CP). Low CP diets supplemented with only essential amino acids (AA) have failed to improve performance to that observed with standard CP diets (Dean et al., 2006). The nonessential amino acid glycine (Gly) is believed to become conditionally limiting as supplementation of Gly and essential AA in low CP diets...
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I. INTRODUCTION NSP refer to a wide variety of polysaccharide molecules of cell walls with varying degrees of water solubility, size and structure. Their physiological functions are defined by whether they are water soluble or insoluble. The amount of soluble and insoluble NSP varies greatly among different ingredients; for example, corn and sorghum contain very low levels of NSP but wheat, rye and triticale contain high amounts of both soluble and insoluble NSP (Choct et al., 2010)....
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I. INTRODUCTION Supplementation of amino acids to reduce feather pecking behaviour and improve plumage condition has been previously studied and found to be successful (Savory, 1998, van Hierden et al., 2004). Feather eating behaviour performed by feather pecking birds suggests that feathers (predominately composed of keratin protein) may be consumed as an alternative source of amino acids, if digested. Methionine is an essential amino acid required for egg production and...
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Introduction Aquaculture has become a vital component of global food production, contributing significantly to food security, nutritional requirements, and economic development [4]. In India, aquaculture plays a crucial role in the rural economy, with Indian major carps, particularly Rohu (Labeo rohita) and Catla (Catla catla), being predominant species in freshwater fish culture. Efficient feed management practices are essential for sustainable aquaculture, as feed constitutes...
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Introduction Fish or any animal needs an adequate balanced diet that contains all the required necessary essential nutrients to have optimal growth. These nutrient requirements vary from species to species, sex, age, the environment where it lives, different stages of larval development, and the health status of the species. A minimum of 35 to 45 nutrients is required for marine fish. To have the best optimal growth and reduce pollution in the environment a thorough knowledge of...
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Corn remains the primary energy source in poultry diets. However, not all corn delivers equal nutritional value. Poor grain quality can significantly reduce its Metabolizable Energy (ME) for poultry, affecting both bird performance and production cost. Energy Loss Equation in Poultry Due to Poor-Quality Corn Barbarino and Rostagno (2001) developed an equation to estimate the Metabolizable Energy Lost (MEL) in poultry feed based on corn...
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1. Introduction Over the past few years, extensive studies have demonstrated significant advancements in precision livestock farming. Developing a dynamic and optimized amino acid (AA) supply is advantageous for enhancing feeding efficiency, reducing nitrogen (N) footprint, and minimizing the environmental impact of livestock production [1]. For decades, genetic selective breeding programs have been implemented to promote rapid growth in broilers, particularly in white-feathered...
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On 20th of May, the second day of the 22nd (2025) CIAHE, in the presence of thousands of professional visitors and industry colleagues, Zheng Chang Feed Science & Technology Co., Ltd. and Belarus National Bio-technology Corporation (abbreviated as: BNBC) signed a contract to deepen the...
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ARLINGTON, Va. – May 21, 2025 – The Institute for Feed Education and Research (IFEEDER) held its Board of Trustees annual meeting on Tuesday to discuss its current projects and install new Board leadership and trustees.
"IFEEDER has made significant progress in...
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James Wen (Evonik Animal Nutrition) explains how NIR calibration helps address feed ingredient variability by measuring factors like trypsin inhibitors and reactive lysine, ensuring consistent quality and nutrient balance for optimal animal performance.
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Introduction The dairy industry continues to provide a nutritious food source to our growing global population. Throughout history this industry has undergone significant evolutions contributing to a “more sustainable” product. But what does sustainability really mean, and in animal agriculture, why do we care? According to the U.S. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969 sustainability is to “create and maintain conditions, under which humans and nature...
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Introduction Trace minerals exist in cells and tissues of the body in a variety of chemical combinations and characteristic concentrations, depending on the trace mineral consumed and the tissue in which the trace mineral is metabolized (McDowell, 1992; Underwood and Suttle, 1999). Concentrations of trace minerals must be maintained within narrow limits in a cell (McDowell, 1989, 1992; Underwood and Suttle, 1999). Trace mineral deficiencies, toxicities, and imbalances require the...
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Introduction The global agricultural sector, including associated land-use changes, was responsible for emitting 10.6 gigatons (Gt) of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO 2 e), contributing considerably to the overall 53 Gt CO 2 e of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (FAO, 2023). In the United States, the agriculture sector contributed 0.59 Gt CO 2 e in 2022, representing 9.36% of the nation's GHG emissions. This marked a 7.7% increase from 1990 levels...
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Mr. Ricky Thaper, a key opinion leader with 30 years of experience in India's poultry sector, reflects on the industry's impressive growth. He discusses the challenges of maintaining high-quality soybean meal in poultry feed, highlighting the detrimental effects of cost-cutting measures and emphasizing the need for improved standards and the efforts of poultry associations to ensure soybean meal retains its nutritional value and protein quality for optimal poultry health and growth....
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Introduction With the increasing demand for animal protein projected for the next decades as world’s population increases, the perceived antagonism between intensive animal production and climate change will intensify. It is estimated that livestock agriculture accounts for 14% of total CO2 emissions of which 1.4% can be attributed to pig production (FAO, 2020, IPCC, 2019 and 2022). Social pressure, policy making, carbon tax and sustainable financial investing will necessitate...
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