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Feed formulation
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I. Introduction Typical Australian broiler diets contain 2.5-3.0 g/kg phytate-P or roughly 10.0 g/kg phytate; therefore, phytase is included into every Australian broiler diet. As phytase is capable of increasing the availability of phosphorus, calcium, sodium, amino acids and energy content of diets, these nutrients may be decreased in the feed formulations as ‘matrix values’ without adverse effects on the birds’ growth performance (Dersjant-Li et al. 2020)....
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There is increasing evidence that supplementing small amounts of prebiotic xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) into poultry diets has positive effects on bird performance and gastrointestinal health. Soluble XOS that reach the caeca intact are utilised by beneficial bacteria, inducing positive effects such as increased production of short chain fatty acids (Aachary & Prapulla, 2011). Commercial endo-xylanases are added to diets to reduce digesta viscosity, but have the side effect of producing...
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Wheat has traditionally been the target substrate ingredient for xylanase application, due to its high arabinoxylan content causing increased digesta viscosity. However, numerous studies have highlighted the benefits of supplementing non-viscous corn-based diets with xylanase, on broiler performance and energy, protein and dry matter digestibility (Rabello et al., 2021; Stefanello et al., 2016). This is thought to be attributable to production of prebiotic xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) as a...
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Dr. Mário Penz (Cargill) talks about how to keep improving nutrition analysis, taking into account digestibility coefficients and ingredient quality, among other factors, during this Engormix interview....
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Fibre is a nutrient that has been largely ignored in feed formulation, not because it is unimportant, but because it is not well known what ‘fibre’ actually stands for. Firstly, the terms used to describe fibre in feed are confusing and the values they represent are inaccurate. For instance, ‘crude fibre’ is a 19th century relic that does not mean much in monogastric animal nutrition. Its continued use in feed formulation perhaps represents the single largest source...
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I. Introduction The development of reduced-CP diets in broiler chickens is gaining more interest as it would drastically lessen the dependence on imported soybean meal which is strategically important for non-soybean producing regions such as Australia and Europe. Modest reductions in CP are already being realised by inclusions of unbound (synthetic or crystalline) methionine, lysine and threonine, which have been routinely included in poultry diets for decades (Kidd et al., 2013)....
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I Introduction In recent years, based on ideal amino acids profile, a moderate reduction in dietary CP, 20 to 30 g/kg, has been reported to maintain broiler chicken performance and processing yields. However, further reduction of CP more than 30 g/kg has been shown to compromise bird performance and increase adipose fat accumulation (Kidd et al, 2021). These reduced CP levels are usually achieved by increasing feed grains such as wheat inclusion at the expense of soybean meal,...
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Despite extensive research on reduced protein (RP) diets in broiler chickens, the consequences of such practices for gut health and barrier function are not well defined. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of reduced protein and the source of protein. The control normal protein level diets had either meat and bone meal (MBM) or an all-vegetable diet (VEG). Accordingly, four diets were formulated; 1) VEG standard protein, 2) standard protein containing MBM, 3) RP (17.5% in...
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I Introduction The development of reduced-crude protein (CP) diets for broiler chickens holds several potential advantages including reduced dependency on imported soybean meal by the Australian chicken-meat industry. Typically, reduced-CP diets contain less soybean meal but more feed grain (and starch) and more synthetic/crystalline amino acids. However, reducing dietary CP from 200 to 150 g/kg in isoenergetic diets has been shown to depress body weight gain, impair food conversion...
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Introduction The global population is anticipated to reach around 10 billion people by 2050. At the same time the global middle-class is growing significantly particularly in high populous countries such as China and India. The combination of these two factors places significant pressure on global food systems which must be capable of providing food and nutrition security in 2050. The next 30 years are arguably one of the most critical transitions in human history as we approach a...
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Introduction Poultry production is an important rapid growing money making industry. The advantage of poultry over other livestock is primarily due to the short and relatively quick turn over on investments and high quality protein products (Adeyemo et al., 2010). As a result of growing human population, there is high demand for poultry products (FAO, 2002). The rapid growth of broilers demands that they be supplied with high quality diets, which will satisfy both their...
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Introduction Precision nutrition means diets are formulated as close as possible to requirements while avoiding any deficiency issues. Benefits of precision mineral nutrition can include reduced diet costs, reduced environmental impact, and reduced risk of toxicity. The major problem with precision mineral nutrition is increased risk of deficiency. Deficiency can be manifested as a clinical deficiency (e.g., grass tetany caused by inadequate magnesium), or as numerous subclinical...
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INTRODUCTION “Ideal protein” means that no amino acid (AA) is to be supplied in excess of requirements as compared to any other AA in pig diet: i.e., an exact balance of AA, without deficiency or excess. As a consequence, protein retention (protein gain in relation to protein intake) is maximized and nitrogen excretion is minimized. This is possible through an adequate combination of protein concentrates and synthetic AA supplements (Leclercq, 1998). The use of the ideal...
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Luis Miguel Gomez (Solla Group, Colombia) shared insights on the effects of feed restrictions in poultry, during the 1st PoultryUniverse Coccidiosis Congress in Curitiba, Brazil....
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Introduction Animal production relies on the supply of nutritious feeds supporting high growth, welfare and health of animals and the production of high-quality products in an environmentally sustainable and profitable manner. With feed cost representing 50 to 80% of the total production cost, feed manufacturers have a very important role in the overall economic viability of animal agriculture enterprises. Animal production involves a complex “nutritional supply...
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During these difficult times facing the coronavirus outbreak, the poultry producers are acting toward the abrupt drop of broiler meat prices. Further, the reduction of chicken sales has forced some farms to decrease their poultry production. Under this circumstance, poultry farmers are increasing their biosecurity and becoming more efficient by reducing the feed cost or costs related to poultry production. One of the main questions is, how many do we need to decrease the nutrients using feed...
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Q: Can you tell us how you arrived at the proposed optimal ratios and amounts of true digestible AAs in diets that you have developed in your research? A: Results of studies by my group have established the concept that animals have dietary requirements for not only...
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The AMINONIR® services offer reliable nutritional analysis in a minimal time – even with unground raw materials. Hear what James Wen, Senior Technical Service Manager at Evonik Animal Nutrition has to say about it
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