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Dairy reproduction and genetics
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Introduction The Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR) is a regional integration process initially established by Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Bolivia and Venezuela joined later. The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela is suspended from all rights and obligations inherent to its status as a State Party to MERCOSUR, in accordance with the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 5 of the Ushuaia Protocol. (Mercosur, 2025). (Figure 1) ...
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The history According to Marco Zava, in 1964 the first 40 to 50 buf faloes from Corumbá, Brazil were brought to Bolivia and they were exemplary crosses of Mediterranean breeds with Jafarabadi and Murrah. They were taken to the Becerra ranch, near Trinidad, capital of the Department of Beni, a low-lying area that remains flooded six months ...
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Abstract The water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) was introduced in Panama in 1970 as imported from Trinidad and Tobago. The tendency of water buffalo production in Panama was irregular in the following 40 years. In fact, the national agricultural census officially declared a population of 2,401 buffaloes and 90 producers in Panama at the year 2011. There have been some recent advances combining the government, water buffalo producers, the National Uni versity Austral of the Chaco...
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Abstract The water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) was introduced in Mexico in the mid-1980s through imports from Guatemala. Currently, the buffalo population is estimated at 50,000 head distributed in 29 of the 32 states that make up the national territory. The states with the largest buffalo population are Campeche, Tabasco, Oaxaca and Veracruz. There are currently 200 buffalo farmers across the country. If the current buffalo population in Mexico were projected taking into...
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INTRODUCTION The Republic of Paraguay is located in South America, in the south center of the South American continent, with an area of 406,752 km2, neighboring with Bolivia and Brazil to the north; with Bolivia and Argentina to the west; with Argentina to the south; and with Argentina and Brazil to the east. Its climate is tropical to subtropical with abundant although seasonal rainfall. The country is divided in two major regions: the western “Chaco” and the...
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The calf, historically peripheral to the dairy model, is beginning to occupy a different position in the equation. In key regions, dairy producers are increasingly breeding their dairy cows with beef sires, generating incremental revenue from higher-value crossbred calves. What began as a hedge against low milk...
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Methionine: Supporting Mammary Development and Milk Production
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Fatty acids (FA) are organic molecules classified by their number of carbon atoms and number and position of double bonds between these carbon atoms (Maulucci et al., 2016). Fatty acids fulfill various functions, and they are important sources of energy. Also, FA are precursors for the biosynthesis of phospholipids, for the generation of numerous ligands for different types of receptors (Buczynski et al., 2009), and are the source of lipid mediators, particularly of molecules associated with...
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Prof. Anna Catharina Berge from Ghent University delves into the intricate challenges faced during the critical first six months of a calf's life....
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Global warming and the constant increase in cow yields aggravate the summer problem on dairy farms and increase the production losses caused to dairy producers. An important part of the losses caused is due to the negative effect of heat load on the fertility of cows that are inseminated in summer. To characterize this effect, we collected data from five large-scale, high-yield dairy farms (1,500 to 3,000 dairy cows per herd) located in the "Laguna" region of northern Mexico, characterized...
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My jersey calved about a month ago we AI her last year now I want to do this again but I have had some farmers telling me that jerseys don't catch easy in the year she calved. is this true and is there anything I can do to improve her chances of having a strong heat? I am not planning on breeding her until late july. ...
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Breeding is defined as the crossing of the male and the female parents to get the off spring for the characters desired. The main breeding methods are: 1) In Breeding 2) Out Breeding They are further classified as given in the chart below: ...
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Semen of most mammalian species can be sexed with greater than 90% accuracy with an instrument called a flow cytometer/cell sorter. Unfortunately, the process is slow relative to the number of sperm in a typical artificial insemination dose. Furthermore, the process damages sperm, although to a lesser degree than current procedures for cryopreservation. Because of these limitations, commercially available sexed semen for artificial insemination has lower sperm numbers per...
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Approximately 40 percent of calves that require partial assistance at birth die immediately or later (those that survive are more likely to develop respiratory and digestive problems later in life). Dystocia is associated with 50% pre-weaned calf mortality, each dairy should implement a dystocia management program and use management practices that limit the occurrence and impact of dystocia. ...
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In order to manage reproductive production and also to increase the yield of dairy cattle, identifying pregnant and non-pregnant cows is a necessity. A precise examination of the reproductive system for diagnosis of pregnancy, Estimation of embryonic age, examination of pathological and physiological conditions of the reproductive system, it is necessary to manage the herd correctly....
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What Are Mycotoxins? The Silent Enemy of Livestock Profitability
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The recto-vaginal technique is the most commonly used method to artificially inseminate cattle. The basic skills required to perform this technique can be obtained with about three days practice under professional instruction and supervision. Additional proficiency and confidence will be achieved with further work on your own. The first step in the insemination process is to restrain the animal to...
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I would like to open a discussion on the top breed(s) of goat for dairy production suitable for hot/dry climates.
Moreover, how to best source these breeds to guarantee the right genes for dairy production....
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Norel Makes History in Asia with the Opening of Its New Plant in Malaysia
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Artificial insemination (AI) is a process by which sperm are collected from the male, processed, stored and artificially introduced into the female reproductive tract for the purpose of conception. AI has become one of the most important techniques ever devised for the genetic improvement of farm animals. It has been most widely used for breeding dairy cattle and has made bulls of high genetic merit available to all. HISTORY OF...
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Kevin Ziemba, Eastern USA Manager at STgenetics talks about the the current situation in the dairy industry, sustainability and efficiency, genetics and the importance of strategy and profitability....
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Ruminant nutrition is highly sophisticated. Immense research and application efforts have culminated in great successes. Today, we can satisfy with a relative high precision the nutritional needs of high producing dairy cows. Highly efficient genetic selection and improvement in overall management has resulted in a national average of ca. 10,000 kg of milk per year in USA. The 2012 USDA annual report indicated an average of 9,842 kg milk produced in one year (or...
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Background Providing adequate amounts of essential minerals is critical to maintain health and maximize productivity of dairy cows (NRC, 2001). Organic minerals can be described as nutritionally essential minerals attached to a carbon–hydrogen based molecule which acts as a ligand. Ligands that are used most frequently include amino acids, peptides and proteins. In particular, complexes where a mineral is bonded to amino acids with at least two bonds from each amino acid...
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