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Dairy reproduction and genetics
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What should be the ideal (and practical) duration of rest (in days or in numbers of heats) after an abortion, before starting the insemination schedule, in HF cows ? ...
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Introduction
Heat stress (HS) negatively impacts all aspects of dairy cattle production. Decreased milk production and reproduction losses during the summer substantially impact the economic potential of dairy farms. Factors such as global warming, population growth in more temperate climates and an increase in the number of food-producing animals in hotter climates further increase the susceptibility of the...
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Take-Home Message The immune system is the body’s defense system that provides disease resistance The immune system is genetically regulated and can be modified by genetic selection The University of Guelph award-winning patented High Immune Response (HIR) technology is designed to identify cattle with optimized immune responsiveness and is associated with enhanced resistance to a broad range of diseases The Semex...
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Breakthroughs in genetic research have made it possible to evaluate and routinely predict growth, calving ease, and other important, easily observable traits within beef cattle breeds. However, producers also want to be able to do the same for traits such as feed efficiency, disease resistance, meat tenderness, and reproduction, which are...
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Introduction Fertility of dairy cow is reduced in last few decades with increased productivity. Reduced fertility may limit the profitability and sustainability of dairy farms. Fertility is a multi-factorial trait and it is affected by number of factors viz. genetic, environmental, dietary and management factors with their complex interactions which makes difficult to determine the exact reason. Stress could be one...
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Sequencing of the bovine genome offers new opportunities to understand the biology of dairy cattle and provides the framework to identify the genetic basis for the improvements and animal differences in productive efficiency. The new areas of biomics era includes genomics (covering DNA), transcriptomics (RNA), proteomics (protein), metabolomics (metabolites) and systems biology (integrating all of these), with bioinformatics. Omics technologies help to design...
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Smart Sensors for Grain and Forage Management
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Introduction The advent of molecular tools and species-specific reagents over the last two decades has substantially advanced the knowledge of the molecular responses to nutrients in tissues of ruminant animals. Several comprehensive reviews on the topic of lipid regulation of gene expression in ruminants exist [1-3]. The emphasis of the current work was to provide a concise review of the most-recent work evaluating the...
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Reproductive performance has declined over the last several decades in the United States. Reproductive performance is an inter-play between management, environment and cow biological factors. See Figure 1 for a chart summarizing the many factors that influence the cause and effect of pregnancy in dairy cattle. The decline in fertility has been associated with many factors such as milk production and management efficiency associated with increasing herd size,...
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For a variety of reasons estrus detection rates in North American dairy herds based solely on visual observations are usually near the 50 percent range. Most large dairy operations use tail chalk/paint and once daily observation which is usually superior to visual observations but still allows room for improvement with service rates typically in the mid-60 percent range. Low detection rates led to the successful and profitable adoption of systematic timed A.I....
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Farm Animal Genetic Resources of Pakistan are playing a vital role to produce high quality animal protein for 180 million masses. With alarming situation of food security issues globally, Pakistan is one of the most vulnerable country to looming food security crises due to its huge and rapidly growing (2.4%) population. Multiple factors may be held responsible for unsatisfactory food security situation in Pakistan: 1.Currently Pakistan is producing 35...
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Methionine: Supporting Mammary Development and Milk Production
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Introduction Low fertility in dairy cows is due many factors, and has created an important reduction in the economic benefit in the dairy business. It is clear that high milk production is compromising the duration and intensity in the heat expression (Wiltbank et al., 2006). The implementation of heat synchronization programs and ovulation are necessary to optimize the reproductive efficiency in the herd. (Santos, 2007)....
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Dr Devan Funk, VP Genetics of Accelerated Genetics, speaks about genomics and genetics during the Teknal Dairy Tour. ...
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Introduction The period from three weeks before to three weeks after parturition in dairy cows, also known as the transition period, is characterized by significant changes in hormonal profile, feed intake, nutrient requirements, metabolism, and energy balance. These changes are known to dramatically affect immune function. Consequently, cows are at greaterrisk of health disorders and mortality during early lactation. In the last week of...
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Dr. Ray Nebel, Senior Reproductive Specialist for Select Sires Inc, USA, speaks about the economical impact of the fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) in Commercial Dairy Farms at the Proleche Dairy Day in Cordoba, Argentina, July 2013. ...
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Distinguished Professor & L.E. "Red" Larson Professor of the University of Florida, Peter Hansen, was invited to the X International Symposium of Animal Reproduction to speak about Genetic, nutritional and pharmacological approaches to improve fertility during heat stress....
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INTRODUCTION Milk yield of the dairy cows has increased rapidly over the past 40 yeras and, in some European countries more than doubled, due to a combitation of improved genetics, feeding and management, with an overwhelming focus on milk production volumes. Fig. 1 depicts recent (years 2003 to 2008) global trends in yearly milk yield/cow in selected countries/regions. Sweden is leading the European Union (EU) milk yield league with national averages of...
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The period overlapping the end of late gestation and postpartum is the Peripartum / Transition Period, where the animal shifts from a Non-Lactating and Pregnant stage to a Lactating and Non-Pregnant stage. This transition period of a dairy cow comes along with many tags attached. One of these tags is a state of negative energy balance (NEB) which is the most critical with regards to the nutritional / energy demands. The dry matter intake (DMI) of...
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The cost of raising replacement dairy heifers is significant. New studies show how much raising replacements can impact a dairy operation's bottom line. Due to high herd-replacement rates and heifers calving at older ages, many operations need more heifers just to maintain the size of their milking herd. The recently completed analysis of data from the 2010 Ontario Dairy Farm Accounting Project (ODFAP) survey puts the cost of...
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Monitoring of Bun of Mun is a technique that can be used for measuring protein and energy status in cattle from biological samples obtained at strategic times relative to production cycles, feeding changes, and seasonal availability offorage. These indicators should be used as an adiunct to other...
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Poor reproductive performance is one of the most costly and difficult problems for dairy and livestock producers. Even in some well-managed herds, reproductive failure continues to be one of the primary reasons why cows are culled. Depending on the level of milk production in the herd and variable costs associated with poor reproductive management, a dairy producer loses between $1 to $3 per cow each day the cow is open (not pregnant) beyond the 90 days post-calving. Inaccurate or...
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