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Dairy reproduction and genetics
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Introduction Reproductive efficiency of the dairy herd is important to the economic success of the dairy operation. One of the most important reproductive technologies implemented by the dairy industry is artificial insemination (AI). Artificial insemination reduces the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases among cattle as well as increases the use of genetically superior sires to improve performance of the herd. ...
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Abstracts Reproductive disorder among farm animals is the great economic problems. To determine the reproductive problems of dairy cattle at Bogra district in Bangladesh were grouped on the basis of genotype, age and parity. A total 1500 data were collected by using individual questionnaire model, compiled SPSS package to obtain result and student t-test for interpretation. Genotype had significant (P< 0.05) effect on...
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1 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UR1282, Infectiologie Animale et Santé Publique (IASP), F-37380 Nouzilly, France 2 Institut de la Recherche Vétérinaire de Tunisie, La Rabta, Tunis 1006, Tunisia BMC Microbiology 2009, 9 :130 doi:10.1186/1471-2180-9-130 The electronic version of this article...
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After graduating from university, I spent a short time managing the family farm. One of the more memorable additions I made to the dairy herd was a heifer named Miranda. She brought with her a special talent-an aversion to being milked. What's more she could hit! She was big, strong and accurate. She was the Mark McGwire of the cow world. And, unlike the famed home run hitter, she didn't need performance-enhancing drugs. Miranda's first swing usually took care of the milker unit and the...
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Take home messages Application of high-throughput technologies (e.g. microarrays, next-generation sequencing) in a systems biology framework to study the interactions of physiological state and nutrition on tissue function in livestock species is a powerful means to gain a holistic view of the underlying biological phenomena. Potential practical applications from applying such an approach in studies of mammary, adipose, and liver of dairy cows are...
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Ray Nebel, Professor of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, speaks about his presentation on physiological aspects of estrus in cattle, its importance in current dairy systems and procedures that help improve the efficient detection and timing of artificial insemination....
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Introduction Herd bulls have a large influence on many aspects of beef operations, especially an operation's profitability. For example, percent calf crop weaned is the single most important factor influencing profitability, and the number of cows bred during the breeding season plays the largest role in percent calf crop weaned. Therefore, an operation's profitability is directly tied to the herd bull's breeding capability. In addition, herd...
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Introduction
Post partum period is the most crucial transitory phase in bovine life when various physiological, gynaecological, biochemical changes occur. During this period the cattle is exposed to high risk of infection to uterus as the anatomical barriers are breached and genitilia remains open for various days (Goff and Horst, 1997). Post parturient retention of foetal membranes & gynaecological...
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Introduction The purpose of the heifer herd is to provide replacements for cows leaving the herd and to improve genetic progress. First-lactation cows significantly contribute to herd production and profit. A recommended goal for dairy replacement heifers is to calve at 24 months of age with a targeted post-calving body weight of 1,250 pounds. A common misconception is that this goal is either unattainable or uneconomical. Feeding heifers for...
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Hi, I would like to know if someone has the experience about what I would like to do. I have 70 acres of land which I am thinking of building a kind of feedlot. Instead of being fattening cattle it would be for breeding purposes. I would like to know if this could be done, from your experience. I would build place to give the food daily to the animals and they are going to have all the rest of the land to just walk. I have 80 more acres that would be destined for the agricultural part, the...
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Norel Connects Global Expertise at Its IX International Workshop in Malaysia
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The use of genomic information in genetic evaluation has brought about revolutionary change in dairy cattle selection. Genomic evaluations increase the accuracy of genetic evaluations and have the potential to rapidly increase the rate of genetic improvement in many traits. Their use is especially effective where there is limited information such as with females and young bulls, and with traits of lower heritability.The sequencing of the bovine genome in 2004 spurred a...
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INTRODUCTION The livestock sector in Pakistan is still in a developing phase. Despite of remarkable contribution of buffaloes, there is always shortage of scientific information on this animal especially in the field of reproduction. Most of the animals are low producers having longer age at calving and long calving interval with low lifetime production. This is mainly due to lake of availability of superior breeding bulls or availability of...
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Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence in Livestock Product Traceability
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Introduction Osmanabadi goat is the most popular breed in Maharashtra, India and has best proliferative potential with three to five kids per term, animals maintained under improved managemental conditions have recorded highest fecundity. Goats are seasonal polyestrous and they naturally exhibit 70 per cent during July to August and 30 per cent shows in January to February. The season pattern of reproductive activity of the goat results in a lower...
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Introduction
The multitude of disorders that dairy cows face during the transition to lactation is a perennial source of concern for dairy producers, nutritionists, and veterinarians. Total disease incidence in the several weeks after parturition accounts for a substantial proportion of all morbidity on many dairies, with particularly high rates of mastitis, metritis, milk fever, displaced abomasum, ketosis, and fatty liver, among...
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M J Saxena, Ayurvet Ltd, India gave a lecture at Dairy Focus Asia 2010 about reproductive health management in dairy...
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INTRODUCTION
Biotechnology has the potential to enhance quality of life in many ways, while helping the environment by reducing our dependence on nonrenewable resources. But that´s just the beginning. We have to understand the importance of biotechnology and its role and influence on our future growth, health and environment. Reproductive biotechnologies are a combination of assisted reproduction, cellular and molecular biology...
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INTRODUCTION Pregnancy is a dynamic state associated with complex sequence of physiological phenomena in dairy cattle. Monitoring of the information on the physiological status during pregnancy is, therefore, essential for improving the well being in dairy cattle management (Kindahl et al. 2002). It has been reported that the physiological parameters during pregnancy can be monitored using a variety of parameters, such as blood thyroid...
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The concept of setting goals and time constraints is not new in business management. But how does it apply to dairy farm management? In evaluating the production cycle of the dairy herd, a 100-day period of critical importance exists. The ‘100 day contract’ with the dairy cow begins 30 days before calving and runs through first breeding to 70 days postpartum. The terms of the contract include birth of a live calf with the cow remaining healthy during the transition period; high peak...
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In the two and a half years since Adam Bogdanove, professor at Iowa State University in the Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, along with Matthew Moscou, a former graduate student in that department, discovered how a class of proteins from plant pathogenic bacteria find and bind specific sequences in plant genomes, researchers worldwide have moved fast to use this discovery.
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Factors governing reduced reproductive performance in dairy cattle are numerous and often difficult to diagnose. In general, those factors resulting from fertilization failure (e.g., semen handling and AI techniques) are more easily resolved by technician retraining than those related to early embryonic death. Although it may be difficult to diagnose various causes of embryonic death; they are usually related to some source of stress experienced by the lactating cows. Artificial insemination...
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