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Probiotics and prebiotics in poultry nutrition
Under normal circumstances, there is a delicate balance of beneficial and pathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). This is influenced by symbiotic and competitive interactions and relationships. The microbial communities will not only protect the GIT but also enhance productivity in the host. The use of probiotics and prebiotics are two approaches that have been examined and can potentially reduce enteric diseases in poultry and also enhance their productivity. These substances have been proposed to assist in the prevention of carcass contamination and improve the immune response in the chicken. Probiotics have been defined as 'a live microbial feed supplement which beneficially affects the host animal by improving its intestinal balance' (Fuller, 1989). The probiotic mode of action is by 'competitive exclusion', meaning there is competition for attachment sites in the GIT.
1. Introduction Salmonella enterica has emerged across the globe as a threat to health systems [1]. Serovars of this species can infect humans, causing diverse effects varying from typhoid fever to gastroenteritis [2]. Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is associated with millions of infections and thousands of deaths annually around the globe [3,4]. S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis are considered the principal serovars associated with human infections; nevertheless, S. enterica subsp....
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There is continued interest in using sorghum as an alternative to wheat in Australian poultry diets, but there is concern about the comparatively lower digestibility of sorghum-based diets. This study examined if it is possible to accelerate sorghum digestion in young birds by targeting fermentation of the xylan in its endosperm cell walls. The hypothesis was that supplementing sorghum-soybean meal based diets with a combination of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS), xylanase and wheat bran would...
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All-in-one mycotoxin extraction method for faster time-to-results - Myco 5-in-1 PLUS
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INTRODUCTION Demand for poultry source foods is increasing, particularly in developing countries (1), and this is driven primarily by population growth (2, 3). To keep pace with the growing request for poultry products, farmers now use antibiotics at minute doses to reduce the incidence of enteric pathogens, improve feed conversion ratio (FCR) and body weight gain (BWG) in broiler chickens (4). Despite the significant economic benefit of AGPs in large-scale broiler production, their...
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Stocking density is a critical factor to consider for optimum welfare of commercial broilers Stocking density is typically defined in terms of the number of birds per unit area or the amount of space provided on per bird basis. In commercial production, stocking density of a broiler...
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I. Introduction Phytase, apart from increasing phosphorus (P) availability from plant ingredients, improves availability of non-P nutrients like Ca, amino acids (AA), and energy (AME) by facilitating the breakdown of phytate P and thus negating its antinutritional effects (Dersjant-Li et al. 2016). Phytase along with carbohydrase enzymes could improve productivity of chickens with a lower feed cost when proper downspec (reduction of nutrient levels in the diet) is applied. It is...
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1. Introduction Coccidiosis is a major enteric infection of poultry that is estimated to cost more than USD 14.5 billion annual losses globally [1]. Although coccidiosis control using various anticoccidial chemicals, such as ionophores, coccidiocides, and coccidiostats, has long been a mainstream strategy in modern poultry production, alternative control strategies to antibiotics are necessary owing to the antibiotic ban [2]. Therefore, much effort has been made to develop...
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I. Introduction The UK review of antimicrobial resistance presented now outdated 2014 data on AMR consequences for human life (O’Neill, 2016). They estimated that 700,000 people die every year from AMR, with concerning devastating effects on infant mortality. In India, 60,000 newborn babies die each year from antibiotic-resistant neonatal infections. This problem is more prominent in less developed countries but by no means restricted to them. In the US, there are more than two...
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Rethinking Amino Acid Nutrition of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) Based on Insights from an Amino Acid Reduction Trial
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I. Introduction Necrotic enteritis (NE), caused by Clostridium perfringens (CP) and exacerbated when birds are co-infected with Eimeria spp., is one of the most severe and common diseases resulting from intestinal mucosal damage (Bae et al., 2021). The stimbiotic (STB) concept has been recently introduced as a non-digestible and fermentable additive that stimulates the development of a microbiome comprising bacterial species that are principally involved in fibre...
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I. Introduction Glycans are polysaccharides, essential biomolecules with well-established benefits for the host and abundantly used as prebiotics to support balanced microbiome function. Host produced glycans, such as mucins, are crucial for the defensive purpose of the intestinal epithelial barrier against pathogens (Coker et al., 2021). Glycans are often projecting on the cell surface and are frequently secreted molecules, thus presenting a perfect pathogen trap or...
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Introduction Poultry productivity depends on the combined effects of several factors such as the level of nutrients in feed, proper management practices, and the health status of the birds. To keep the enteric infections under control and promote growth, the supplementation of antibiotics in the poultry feed has been a regular practice. However, the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) is restricted or banned in several countries due to the public health concern of...
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Effects of Muco-defen® on Clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis in broilers
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Aaron Cowieson (DSM) discusses microbiome research in poultry nutrition and the feed additives considered, during this Engormix interview....
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Following the success of the Research Topic “Alternatives to Antimicrobial Growth Promoters and Their Impact in Gut Microbiota, Health, and Disease: Volume II,” we received an invitation from Frontiers to work on Volume II. This second volume includes 31 scientific articles, in the text of individual chapters in this Frontiers Research Topic. The editors are grateful to all 197 authors that contributed and participated in the achievement of Volume II. Homo sapiens reached...
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This study investigated the effects of Bacillus -based probiotics on performance and intestinal health in broiler challenged with Clostridium perfringens -induced necrotic enteritis. One-day-old Arbor Acre (n=480) were randomly assigned to four treatments with 10 cages of 12 birds. Dietary treatments were; basal diet negative control (NC), with no probiotics nor antibiotics formulated to contain 2,930 and 3,060 kcal/kg with 24.1 and 16.0% CP, for starter and finisher diet,...
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BEST-PRO is a most formidable alternative protein source along with probiotics. BEST-PRO is a unique combination of highly bioavailable protein with probiotics which helps to optimize protein requirement of birds, improve gut health, growth performance and production parameters....
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Introduction Probiotics are living microorganisms which when administered in adequate amount confer health benefits on the host. Probiotics are one of the more efficient methods of pathogen control and have not detrimental effects to the environment as...
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All-in-one mycotoxin extraction method for faster time-to-results - Myco 5-in-1 PLUS
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Introduction: Poultry meat industry has been more dynamic than egg industry over these years. Broiler breeder companies are making every effort to produce progeny that produces higher (breast) meat yield, lower FCR and better weight gain. Consequent to faster growth rate, a part of the energy utilized in the past to maintain health and disease resistance is now diverted for higher growth & production resulting in increased risk for...
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