Dana Stanley

I. INTRODUCTIONPhytogenic products are used as an antibiotic alternative, with other alternatives like prebiotics, probiotics, organic acids and other products with antimicrobial properties. The ability of phytogens to reduce the load of significant pathogens such as Clostridium (2020), Escherichia (Zou et al., 2016), and Salmonella (Abudabos et al., 2016), and improve the health and performance o ...

I. IntroductionImmediately after birth, or hatch in birds, the initial inoculum shapes the gut microbiota for life. The first bacteria to settle in the intestine can attach to epithelial cells with no competition, rapidly establish, grow, and set the intestinal environment to suit their own needs (Stecher and Hardt, 2011; Edwards, 2017). The first bacterial settlers have the most substantial influ ...

I. IntroductionThe UK review of antimicrobial resistance presented now outdated 2014 data on AMR consequences for human life (O’Neill, 2016). They estimated that 700,000 people die every year from AMR, with concerning devastating effects on infant mortality. In India, 60,000 newborn babies die each year from antibiotic-resistant neonatal infections. This problem is more prominent in less dev ...

I. IntroductionGlycans are polysaccharides, essential biomolecules with well-established benefits for the host and abundantly used as prebiotics to support balanced microbiome function. Host produced glycans, such as mucins, are crucial for the defensive purpose of the intestinal epithelial barrier against pathogens (Coker et al., 2021). Glycans are often projecting on the cell surface and are fre ...

I. INTRODUCTIONOregano essential oil contains many compounds, of which carvacrol, thymol and their precursors are the major components, accounting for approximately 80% of the contents. Carvacrol and thymol have been shown to actively disrupt the cell membranes of bacteria leading to cell death, promoting the use of oregano as a phytobiotic (Rao et al., 2010). Phytoadditives such as oregano are be ...

I. INTRODUCTIONThroughout the world, poultry are a major and growing source of high-quality protein, as they outperform all other terrestrial meat production systems in water, feed, carbon, and land use efficiency. A challenge for intensive production systems has been the potential to introduce high pathogen loads and stresses on the animals. Such challenges have traditionally been managed with th ...