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Poultry gut health
The efficient conversion of feed into its basic components for optimal nutrient absorption is vital for both broiler and broiler breeder production and welfare. Gut health, an intricate and complex area combining nutrition, microbiology, immunology and physiology, has a key role to play. When gut health is compromised, digestion and nutrient absorption are affected which, in turn, can have a detrimental effect on feed conversion leading to economic loss and a greater susceptibility to disease. In addition, recent changes in legislation on the use of antimicrobials, differing feed requirements and more efficient birds highlight the need for a better understanding of gut function and gut health.
Intestinal diseases are an important concern for modern poultry industry because of low productivity, increased mortality, reduced welfare and the associated contamination of poultry products with pathogenic bacteria and their toxins. Several pathogens (Viruses, bacteria and parasites) are incriminated as possible causes of enteric disorders either alone (mono-casual), in synergy with different other micro organisms (multi-casual) or with non-infectious...
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Introduction. The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is developmentally very active in the early period posthatch in poultry species (Uni et al., 2000). The intestinal crypts that form on the day of hatch become defined in the first 48 to 96 h and continue to grow rapidly during the first 7 d (Uni et al., 2000). The intestinal villi increase significantly in diameter and length during...
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Introduction.
Several different viruses have been identified as causes of intestinal tract disease in chickens and turkeys, and several others have been associated as causes based on electron microscopic identification in tissues and/or intestinal contents of affected poultry. Virus-induced enteric infections occur in birds...
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INTRODUCTION The chicken GI tract has a diverse microflora, containing more than 900 species of bacteria (1). In addition to biochemical functions, the microflora is responsible for digestion and subsequent nutrient absorption (2). One of the major influencers on the chicks’ microbial colonization is the environment, since GI colonization starts immediately after hatch (2). Under commercial conditions, maternal...
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INTRODUCTION
A 2012 survey of the US broiler industry to determine and rank production challenges indicated that gut health management was paramount in the minds of those involved with live production (23). This is not surprising since intestinal integrity determines feed efficiency, the most important economic driver of the meat industry. Since then, some significant changes in the industry have sharpened the...
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Introduction.
Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) is a leading cause of lameness in commercial broilers produced in North America (1, 2, 9) . The lesions most often occur in the proximal femora and tibiae and are associated with osteochondrotic microfractures and clefts in rapidly growing broilers....
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The Digital Evolution of the Poultry Industry: Imagine. Collaborate. Gain.
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Abstract
Dietary formic acid and its salts act against pathogens, helping to decrease pressure on the immune system and improving nutrient digestibility. The use of the double sodium salt of formic acid, with the same antimicrobial properties as formic acid, but with improved handling properties, has become more prevalent in poultry diets. In a trial conducted at a research farm in Taiwan, sodium diformate...
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Introduction The efficient conversion of feed into its basic components for optimal nutrient absorption is vital for both broiler and broiler breeder production and welfare. Gut health, an intricate and complex area combining nutrition, microbiology, immunology and physiology, has a key role to play. When gut health is compromised, digestion and nutrient absorption are affected which, in turn, can have a detrimental...
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Duck enteritis virus (DEV) is an aetiological agent of duck plague (DP), which represents one of the most acute and lethal diseases of waterfowl (Anseriformes) including geese, ducks and swans [9]. The infection may spread between farmed and free-ranging birds. The estimated number of birds susceptible to DEV infection includes members of over 48 species [3, 9, 13]. The economic impact on waterfowl husbandry caused by DP is considerable, since the mortality,...
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INTRODUCTION A number of feed additives including antibiotics have been widely employed in the poultry industry for several decades. A manipulation of gut function and microbial habitat of domestic animal with feed additives has been recognized as an important tool for improving growth performance and feed efficiency (Collington et al., 1990). Volatile oil from thyme (Thymus vulgaris) thymol and carvacrol, a major...
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I. INTRODUCTION The gut is a very crucial organ for maintaining health. Apart from absorbing nutrients, it is also the barrier against unwanted compounds and germs. The immune system in the intestines plays an important role in this. Immune cells such as inflammatory cells were thought to be central, and until recently, the enterocyte layer was considered a simple physical barrier. Now, it is known that enterocytes are...
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V. Tsiouris from the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, speaks about his presentation about the effect of high stocking density on the pathogenesis of necrotic enteritis in broiler chicks. ...
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Danisco Animal Nutrition, a business division of DuPont Industrial BioSciences, hosted a VIP seminar before the main EPC conference kicked off on June 23. Dr. Peter Plumstead began the seminar with a presentation that separated the facts concerning nutrient release from phytase from the fiction. He stressed the importance of establishing robust estimates of calcium and phosphorus contributions when selecting phytase products and the necessity of species-specific...
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Dr. Luis Romero, Senior Scientist & Research Lead at DuPont speaks about his presentation about the role of enzymes in promoting gut health in poultry....
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Candidate Genes Associated with Survival Following Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Infection in Chickens
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New research findings in gut physiology: implications for animal feeding Recently, a paper was published in the scientific journal Nature Reviews 1 entitled “The gut as a sensory organ.” As the title suggests, scientists are now considering the gut literally as an intelligent sensory organ, with the ability to “sense” its environment and react to it. What does this mean, and...
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I. INTRODUCTION
Coccidiosis is an ubiquitous intestinal protozoan infection of poultry which seriously impairs the growth and feed utilization of infected animals (Shirley and Lillehoj, 2012; Lillehoj and Lillehoj, 2000). Conventional disease control strategies rely heavily on chemoprophylaxis costing the industry large amounts of money. The existing vaccines comprise live virulent or attenuated Eimeria...
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Necrotis enteritis has been ranked as one of the most important diseases affecting poultry operations nowadays. Its occurrence is increasing, especially in countries where antibiotic growth promoters have been banned. Very common in broilers, it...
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Introduction In North America, there has been a tremendous body of research in recent years to find the ideal product or program to replace or reduce the use of antibiotics in livestock and poultry production. This is driven by the legislation in the EU and the pressure the health-care system has placed on the use of sub-therapeutic levels of antibiotics for growth promotion. There have been many arguments made regarding...
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Introduction The content of the intestine is rich in chemicals and microorganisms. This complex ‘soup’ is an external milieu, separated from the body’s internal milieu by only a single layer of epithelial cells for most of the length of the gastrointestinal tract, the oesophagus alone having a multilayered epithelial barrier. The human small intestine presents a surface membrane area of ~60 m 2 ...
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Histology is the normal microscopic anatomy of organs and tissues. Histopathology is microscopic pathology, involving altered structure, composition and function of organs and tissues. Pathologists identify organ and tissue abnormalities at the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular levels in order to diagnose disease and define the mechanism by which disease may be occurring (pathogenesis).
Many diseases of poultry...
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