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Poultry gut health
The efficient conversion of feed into its basic components for optimal nutrient absorption is vital for both broiler and broiler breeder production and welfare. Gut health, an intricate and complex area combining nutrition, microbiology, immunology and physiology, has a key role to play. When gut health is compromised, digestion and nutrient absorption are affected which, in turn, can have a detrimental effect on feed conversion leading to economic loss and a greater susceptibility to disease. In addition, recent changes in legislation on the use of antimicrobials, differing feed requirements and more efficient birds highlight the need for a better understanding of gut function and gut health.
Duck enteritis virus (DEV) is an aetiological agent of duck plague (DP), which represents one of the most acute and lethal diseases of waterfowl (Anseriformes) including geese, ducks and swans [9]. The infection may spread between farmed and free-ranging birds. The estimated number of birds susceptible to DEV infection includes members of over 48 species [3, 9, 13]. The economic impact on waterfowl husbandry caused by DP is considerable, since the mortality,...
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INTRODUCTION A number of feed additives including antibiotics have been widely employed in the poultry industry for several decades. A manipulation of gut function and microbial habitat of domestic animal with feed additives has been recognized as an important tool for improving growth performance and feed efficiency (Collington et al., 1990). Volatile oil from thyme (Thymus vulgaris) thymol and carvacrol, a major...
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I. INTRODUCTION The gut is a very crucial organ for maintaining health. Apart from absorbing nutrients, it is also the barrier against unwanted compounds and germs. The immune system in the intestines plays an important role in this. Immune cells such as inflammatory cells were thought to be central, and until recently, the enterocyte layer was considered a simple physical barrier. Now, it is known that enterocytes are...
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V. Tsiouris from the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, speaks about his presentation about the effect of high stocking density on the pathogenesis of necrotic enteritis in broiler chicks. ...
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Danisco Animal Nutrition, a business division of DuPont Industrial BioSciences, hosted a VIP seminar before the main EPC conference kicked off on June 23. Dr. Peter Plumstead began the seminar with a presentation that separated the facts concerning nutrient release from phytase from the fiction. He stressed the importance of establishing robust estimates of calcium and phosphorus contributions when selecting phytase products and the necessity of species-specific...
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Dr. Luis Romero, Senior Scientist & Research Lead at DuPont speaks about his presentation about the role of enzymes in promoting gut health in poultry....
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Effects of Muco-defen® on Clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis in broilers
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New research findings in gut physiology: implications for animal feeding Recently, a paper was published in the scientific journal Nature Reviews 1 entitled “The gut as a sensory organ.” As the title suggests, scientists are now considering the gut literally as an intelligent sensory organ, with the ability to “sense” its environment and react to it. What does this mean, and...
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I. INTRODUCTION
Coccidiosis is an ubiquitous intestinal protozoan infection of poultry which seriously impairs the growth and feed utilization of infected animals (Shirley and Lillehoj, 2012; Lillehoj and Lillehoj, 2000). Conventional disease control strategies rely heavily on chemoprophylaxis costing the industry large amounts of money. The existing vaccines comprise live virulent or attenuated Eimeria...
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Necrotis enteritis has been ranked as one of the most important diseases affecting poultry operations nowadays. Its occurrence is increasing, especially in countries where antibiotic growth promoters have been banned. Very common in broilers, it...
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Introduction In North America, there has been a tremendous body of research in recent years to find the ideal product or program to replace or reduce the use of antibiotics in livestock and poultry production. This is driven by the legislation in the EU and the pressure the health-care system has placed on the use of sub-therapeutic levels of antibiotics for growth promotion. There have been many arguments made regarding...
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Effect of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 on the intestinal structural integrity and growth performance of broiler chickens under necrotic enteritis challenge
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Introduction The content of the intestine is rich in chemicals and microorganisms. This complex ‘soup’ is an external milieu, separated from the body’s internal milieu by only a single layer of epithelial cells for most of the length of the gastrointestinal tract, the oesophagus alone having a multilayered epithelial barrier. The human small intestine presents a surface membrane area of ~60 m 2 ...
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Histology is the normal microscopic anatomy of organs and tissues. Histopathology is microscopic pathology, involving altered structure, composition and function of organs and tissues. Pathologists identify organ and tissue abnormalities at the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular levels in order to diagnose disease and define the mechanism by which disease may be occurring (pathogenesis).
Many diseases of poultry...
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1 Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America, 2 Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America Citation: Jiang Z, Applegate TJ, Lossie AC (2013) Cloning, Annotation and Developmental Expression of the Chicken Intestinal MUC2 Gene. PLoS ONE...
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Dietary Thr may be particularly important to the mucus layer because of the importance that Thr has as a structural component of mucin proteins. Threonine and serine (Ser) play crucial roles linking carbohydrate groups through ester linkages to the mucin backbone (Montagne et al. 2004). Lein et al. (1997) reported that Thr and Ser represented approximately 40% of the total endogenous AA losses in pigs fed protein-free diets, with mucin being the major source of AA excretion....
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A study was conducted to evaluate effect of high levels of corn DDGS and rye on growth performance and gut health of broilers as influenced by a nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) degrading enzymes blend (CIBENZA ® CSM, Novus International, Inc.). The study consisted of 8 treatments: corn soy control, 30% DDGS, 16% corn bran, 38% rye, 38% rye plus enzyme, 25% rye, 25% rye 30% DDGS, and 25% rye 30% DDGS plus enzyme. Corn bran...
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One battery study was conducted to evaluate effect of a synthetic 1:1 thymol carvacrol blend (NEXT ENHANCE® 150) on growth performance and gut health of broilers fed rye wheat based diet and challenged with mixed species of Eimeria on day 0. A rye wheat and soybean meal based diet was formulated to meet or exceed nutrient requirements of broilers. To this basal diet, the essential oil blend was added at 0, 30, 60, or 120...
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Enteric health and nutrition are intimately related. Poor enteric health can adversely affect food digestion, gut motility, and nutrient absorption by several means. Likewise, poor nutrition and feed quality can either increase a bird's susceptibility to enteric disorders or directly cause them. Often it is difficult to discern the true cause of enteric disorders in poultry, whether it is pathogenic or nutritional in origin. My objective is to present general information on...
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Introduction The amino acid glutamine (Gln) is traditionally considered as a non-essential amino acid. However, several researches has shown that Gln may be a conditionally essential amino acid in maintaining gut integrity and reducing inflammation [1-5]. Glutamine-enriched diets have been linked with favorable intestinal effects including maintenance of gut barrier function and enterocyte differentiation [6]. Glutamine has also been the focus of...
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Introduction The impact of gastrointestinal disease ranges from erosive to catastrophic, and considerable time, effort and financial resources are devoted to limiting the risk and consequence of disease challenge. Intense breeding and selection programmes have provided birds with the genetic potential to perform in the face of disease challenge, while good biosecurity has reduced the risk and consequence of infectious disease. At the...
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Necrotic enteritis (NE) in broilers – caused by Clostridium perfringens – is largely controlled by in-feed antibiotics in Australia. Alternatives to antibiotics are being sought by industry and must be tested under simulated outbreak conditions. An existing NE challenge model employed at UNE has demonstrated differences between NE intestinal lesion score between unmedicated challenged and unchallenged controls. However, up to 20% NE-related mortality was routinely...
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