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Enzymes in poultry nutrition
Enzymes are proteins involved in all anabolic and catabolic pathways of digestion and metabolism. Digestive enzymes are categorised as endogenous or exogenous. Endogenous enzymes are produced by the animal and exogenous enzymes are administered from outside. Enzyme supplementation decreases nutrient loss through excreta, reduces diets nutritional levels, improves nutrient availability; thus, enhances production efficiency and profitability. In addition, exogenous enzymes hydrolyse non-starch polysaccharides, increase the usage of feed energy, reduce negative impacts of non-digestive residues on digesta viscosity, and improve gut microbial ecosystem. Cellulase, glucanase, pectinase, xylanase, galactisidases, phytase, non-starch polysaccharides degrading enzymes, amylase, lipase, cellulase, and protease are the most common enzymes used in poultry feed.
Introduction The use of exogenous proteases in poultry diets has gained momentum during the last decade. The first commercial protease was introduced into the poultry feed market in the 1990s in combination with other enzymes, with the aim to increase the energy and protein digestibility of grain and oilseed meal based diets (Simbaya et al., 1996). A number of proteases are now...
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1. Introduction Primarily for the provision of energy density, grain sorghum is quite frequently included in rations for pigs, poultry and feed-lot cattle. However, in a recent meeting held by the Australian Feed Grain Partnership in December 2012, nutritionists from the three industries expressed concern about the efficiency of energy utilisation in animals offered sorghum-based diets. Essentially, the energy provided...
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INTRODUCTION The biogenic amines are biologically active compounds synthesized from amino acids. Feed-borne biogenic amines are most commonly synthesized by spoilage microorganisms and are usually considered to be potential toxins (Eggum et al. 1989). By-products that have undergone some degree of spoilage are generally considered to be the richest sources of biogenic amines. These would include meat and bone meal, blood...
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Soybean products are the most important source of dietary protein for poultry in the US and much of the world. Variation in protein quality among soy ingredients can occur due to processing. Full fat extruded soybeans (FFES) are an alternative to conventional solvent-extracted soybean meal (SBM), but may have higher levels of trypsin inhibitors (TI). The use of exogenous protease in poultry diets may improve amino acid digestibility and was evaluated in diets...
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Behnam Saremi and Oluyinka Olukosi will be two of the distinguished speakers at the XXV World’s Poultry Congress (WPC 2016),...
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Originally published in the Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances INTRODUCTION In modern poultry production, feed has prime importance for nutritionists as it has 70% share of total production cost 1 . More than 80% of the feed is blend of ingredients from the plant source 2 . These cereals contain non starch polysaccharides...
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An 8wk (67 to 75wk of age) trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of supplementation of a next generation microbial phytase (CIBENZA PHYTAVERSE , Novus International, Inc., St. Charles, MO) in laying hens fed corn-SBM-based mash diets low in non-phytate phosphorus (npp). A total of 120 Hy-Line W-36 laying hens were assigned to 5 treatments with 24 cages/treatment and 1 hen/cage using a randomized complete block design. Treatments consisted of 0.15% npp, T1...
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Introduction The poultry industry is facing growing concerns about the possible contribution of land application of poultry litter to eutrophication of surface waters (Edwards and Daniel, 1992; Sharpley, 1999). Attention has focused on means of reducing phosphorus excretion while maintaining productivity. Because of the demands for adequate skeletal development of rapidly...
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Introduction Antibiotics have been used for decades to improve poultry performance with low cost of implementation and ease adding to feed and water (Fernandez-Rubio et al., 2009). However, currently concern about possible antibiotic residues and resistance has arisen restrictions of antibiotics use in poultry (Jan et al., 2007; Saberfar et al., 2008). Because of this fact, industry and researchers have had to look for...
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DDGS can be a good alternative ingredient in diets for broilers. Its use in combination with a multi-enzymatic complex, combined with an extra dose of phytase, can help to achieve optimal performance. A few trials, conducted in Argentina, are described here. Distillers Dried Grain with Solubles (DDGS) is the result of extracting ethanol from grains through...
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CIBENZA® DP100 protease feed enzyme from Novus International, Inc., supports improved protein digestibility in a variety of feed ingredients. With its inclusion, the total amount of protein can be reduced in formulated feed – resulting in lower feed costs. CIBENZA DP100 increases the digestibility of animal and plant proteins, in turn optimizing gut health and supporting production performance....
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Optimisation of technical and economic performance in modern broiler production is a complex matter which increasingly requires a revaluation and reframing of what is perceived to be possible through nutrition and management. Reframing to deliver on genetic potential and global demands Few would have thought in the 1950’s that we would see...
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The U.S. Poultry industry operates in an integrated manner, with the majority of birds owned and managed by relatively few companies. Ten companies represent seventy percent of the 8.8 billion broilers marketed annually in the U.S. The vast majority of turkeys raised in the U.S. are owned by three well-known, leading companies; the top 16 laying hen companies represent 70% of the 258 million laying hens in the U.S. (Poultry USA, 2010). The industry is very...
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1. Introduction Phytase is the enzyme that hydrolyzes phytic acid and its salt phytate (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, IP6), resulting in the formation of inositol pentakis-, tetrakis-, tris-, bis- and monophosphate (IP5-IP1) in a stepwise manner and five inorganic phosphates (Pi) (Skoglund et al., 1998; Greiner et al., 2000). Inclusion of phytase in animal feed not only makes the phytate-bound phosphorus (0.2 to 1.0 % in...
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Take home message. Feed enzymes are a widely accepted and adopted means to increase feed utilisation and ultimately save on feed costs. Feed enzymes typically improve the environmental impact of animal production. While the use of phytases is most developed and widespread, there is still more to be learned and more to be gained from the application of carbohydrases and...
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In today's efficient conscious world, we save on anything and everything including communication. One of these is abbreviations. Recently I stumbled across one, which I called WAAW! Translation? War Against Amino Wastages! Amino wastages are unnecessary biological losses of amino acids, especially critical ones like methionine, lysine and threonine. In this war the call is to adopt a zero waste policy, doing this will recover more cost as amino acids are among the most...
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Introduction Concerns about the possible contribution of P runoff from the application of poultry litter to eutrophication of surface waters has focused attention on means of reducing phosphorus excretion (Edwards and Daniel, 1992; Sharpley, 1999). Because of the demands for adequate skeletal development of the rapidly growing broiler and the variability of phosphorus content in...
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I. INTRODUCTION The global availability of inorganic phosphates is limited; phosphorus (P) is the third most expensive ingredient after energy and amino acids. Therefore sustainable animal production requires optimal utilisation of P to reduce the cost of feeding. Over two thirds of P in plantbased feedstuffs is not readily available in poultry as it is bound to phytic acid (PA), which has been commonly thought to be due to the low levels of...
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I. INTRODUCTION Calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) are essential minerals for many biological processes and skeletal health, however, they have a complex interactive relationship. Phytate is the naturally occurring storage form of P in plants, with the main storage site of phytate-P being seeds (Tamim et al., 2004). As poultry diets are comprised mainly of seed based ingredients, there is a considerable amount of phytate-P...
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I. INTRODUCTION Phytase supplementation of broiler diets is a routine practice and is used primarily to liberate the P component (282 g/kg) of the phytate molecule (myo-inositol hexaphosphate; IP6). Phytase also generates ‘extra-phosphoric’ responses because phytate interacts with protein, starch, fat, calcium and trace minerals but these responses are less well understood and accepted (Selle and Ravindran,...
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