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Bacterial diseases in poultry
Bacterial diseases comprise approximately half of the non–outbreak-related mortality in broiler breeders and commercial layers. During the first week of a broiler's life, approximately 50% of the mortality may be caused due to bacterial infections. Outbreaks due to bacterial infections may increase the mortality dramatically and in some cases almost eradicate flocks. E. coli and Gram-positive cocci infections are responsible for mortality and production losses in poultry of all age groups and all production systems and may be regarded as multifactorial. Subsequently, efforts in understanding and controlling these infections are highly important. Although necrotic enteritis is primarily a disease affecting young chickens, this infection is of major significance in any production system. Besides increased mortality, the production losses observed in subclinical infections may be dramatic.
Anne Goderis, R&D Manager for Nutrex, talks to us about solving endotoxin problems with their new product "Endoban", during Eurotier 2016, in Hannover, Germany....
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Introduction Necrotic enteritis (NE) is a multi-factorial disease, resulting in an important negative impact on the poultry industry due to decreased weight gain, increased mortality, worse feed conversion ratio, greater medication costs and increased risk of contamination of poultry products for human consumption (Timbermont et al., 2011; Paiva and McElroy, 2014). ...
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Kristina Feye (University of Arkansas) discussed the variety of options available to producers to control pathogens, during IPPE 2019 in Atlanta, USA....
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Steven Ricke, Professor and Director of the Center for Food Safety at the University of Arkansas, discussed the effect of prebiotics, probiotics and organic acids to control Salmonella and Campylobacter, as well as the relevance of biosecurity, during IPPE 2017....
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In recent days, we have been getting so many cases pertaining to gout, which is mostly considered as a metabolic disorder. As a routine, we have given treatment for the same and failed as we thought it was just a gout. Later we have been investigated grossly and came to conclusion that it was probably due to IBV. Postmortem findings were 1. Pale and hypertrophied kidneys 2. Tophi of urate Crystals all over organs namely heart, liver, lungs, airsacs, over intestines and even at joints. 3....
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Necrotic enteritis (NE) prevalently occurs in broilers aged from two to six weeks that mainly caused by Clostridium perfringens C. perfringens can rapidly proliferate and produce toxins in intestine that contribute to losses in productivity, raising mortality, and contamination products. A variety of approaches were explored to prevent the incidence of NE in poultry. Among these, probiotics shows promise as an alternative to antibiotics in inhibiting growth of...
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The selected yeast fraction Safmannan® helps to counteract E. coli negative effects in poultry: from in vitro tests to farm applications. Introduction Avian colibacillosis gather different infections caused by an avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. Coli). E. coli are part of a healthy and balanced chicken’s gut flora. However, intensive production conditions may lead to a growth of the E. coli population and the...
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While there's a little known fact and from my experience as a poultry farmer, I have come to the conclusion that most of the mortality I have experienced on farm in the past few weeks have been from Fowl Cholera. Some of the signs noticed include paleness of the comb, morbidity, greenish yellow diarrhoea with pasty vents and above all sudden death. The moment I first noticed, the chicks were placed on NCO after which mortality reduced and gradually stopped, but...
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Effect of selected yeast fraction on the growth of Clostridium perfringens: Quantitative determination of growth inhibition and adsorption capacity
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Have recently received results from necropsy on 18 week pullet. Diagnosed avian cholera. Am I better off to cull the entire flock and start again?My main concerns are 1. Are all my birds now carriers if they have been exposed? (some have been symptomatic but seem to have recovered) 2. Can't find any info on weather or not the eggs will be safe to eat and my husband only likes runny egg yolks. 3. How long before I can get new chickens if I do have to cull the entire flock? I am hoping total...
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Dr. Badrul Hassan, DVM and PhD student at Uppsala University, Sweden, presents his poster about antibiotic resistance in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli from large and small scale poultry farms in Bangadlesh, at the XVII WVPA Congress in Cancún, Mexico. ...
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Dr. Scott M. Russell, Professor of Poultry Processing and Products Microbiology at the University of Georgia, gave a lecture at the XXII Latin American Poultry Congress in Buenos Aires, Argentina about Microbiologic control within slaughter plants to prevent Salmonella and Campylobacter. ...
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Pasteurella multocida (Pm) is a gram-negative bacterium able to infect different animal species, including human beings. This bacterium causes economic losses to the livestock industry because of its high morbidity and mortality in animals. In this work, we report the characterization of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) released into the culture medium by different Pm serogroups. Purified OMVs in the range of 50–300 nm were observed by electron microscopy. Serum obtained from chickens...
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Introduction Bacterial arthritis in poultry commonly occurred after septicemia or localized infection to the joints is reported to be associated with many bacterial agents including Erysipelothrix, Listeria, Mycoplasma, Staphylococcus, and Escherichia (Mohan et al., 2002). Arthritis is most commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus (McNamee and Smyth, 2000), and sometimes involved Escherichia coli (Chansiripornchai, 2009), which is of veterinary importance in broiler...
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1. INTRODUCTION: Gallibacterium anatis is now considered to be an important bacterial disease responsible for decreased egg production in commercial layers, since it causes pathological changes in the reproductive tract and causes also respiratory manifestations in commercial broilers (Bojesen et al., 2003). Gallibacterium was recently established as a new genus within the family Pasteurellaceae Pohl 1981 (Christensen et al., 2003a). Bacteria belonging to this genus had...
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Effect of <i>Cordyceps militaris </i> Hot Water Extract on Immunomodulation-associated Gene Expression in Broilers, Gallus gallus (Extract)
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Introduction
Bacterial foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella (Hood and Zottola, 1997), Campylobacter (Nguyen et al., 2012), Arcobacter (Gibrau et al., 2017) and Listeria (Sofyan et al., 2006) have the ability to attach to processing equipment materials, and subsequently equipment contact surfaces may lead to bacterial contamination of poultry meat during processing (Giaouris et al., 2013). Therefore, poultry processing equipment must be designed, constructed and...
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Introduction Poultry industry is one of the fastest growing segments of the animal industry. The worldwide consumption of poultry is increasing. Today's bird has the potential to grow rapidly because of intensive genetic selection so they are more susceptible to stressors of the respiratory and circulatory systems. The poultry industry faces the maximum economic losses by increase in...
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1. Introduction Poultry is a food that has been highly appreciated by man since time immemorial. It is an important, low cost source of animal protein, rich in nutrients, phosphorus, other minerals, and B-complex vitamins (FAO 2010). Chicken carcasses have higher pathogenic and spoilage bacterial counts than most other foods, where carcass can be contaminated at several points throughout the processing operation during scalding, de-feathering and evisceration as well as...
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Aphthouszition
Aphthouszition is an old, primordial, disease management system used for herd management in ancient times. It is a technique which has found some use in some countries of the world where economy of herd management is of poor. It is used in a poor resource setting and has been useful to some extent in other fields of veterinary science. Aphthouszition is the technique in which the...
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Asian poultry production systems rapidly adopt and often adapt new health protection strategies but maximum biological performance, long-term sustainability and cost are only some of the aims of producers. It is these adaptations are the focus of this paper. New strategies are often added to previous strategies and very rarely replace or displace previous strategies and thus usually increase cost of production often with no demonstrable improvement in health status. Interference between...
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Introduction It has been more than half a century since necrotic enteritis (NE) was first reported in chickens by Parish et al. [1]. Despite decades of research, NE remains one of the major challenges in the poultry industry and is associated with extensive production losses worldwide [2]. Although Clostridium perfringens is clearly the pathogen responsible for NE, both field experience and efforts to experimentally reproduce the disease have shown that onset of NE is a complex...
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