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Avian influenza
Avian influenza is a viral infection found in domestic poultry and a wide range of other birds. Wild waterfowl and shorebirds are often subclinically affected carriers of the virus. In poultry, low-pathogenicity strains can cause subclinical infections; however, some strains typically cause respiratory signs or decreased egg production. Highly pathogenic strains may cause widespread organ failure and sudden death, often with high mortality rates. Diagnosis is based on detection of the viral genome or specific antibodies or on virus isolation. Antimicrobials may help control secondary bacterial infection in flocks affected by low-pathogenicity strains. Antiviral drugs are not approved or recommended. Prevention is best accomplished by biosecurity measures. Vaccines matched for antigenic type can greatly increase resistance to infection, prevent clinical signs, and decrease viral shedding in infected flocks.
Prompt diagnosis is the first step in prevention and control of poultry disease. LPAI is endemic among poultry. As per Alexander, bacteria free filterate showing Ha activity not neutralised by ND antiserum is only orthomixo virus and not paro mixovirus. This examination can be done in any clinical laboratory. As per govt of India circular 2004 state, veterinary colleges are approved influenza diagnostic laboratories for avian influenza not implemented.
Variant IB nephro pathogenic IB...
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A new educational program hosted by the American Feed Industry Association will focus on biosecurity as it pertains to foreign animal diseases, such as foot and mouth disease, African swine fever and avian influenza. The program, “Biosecurity in the Face of Foreign Animal Disease – What the Feed Industry Needs to Know,” will take place on Jan. 29, 2020, in conjunction with the 2020 International Production & Processing Expo, taking place Jan. 28-30 in Atlanta, Ga....
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Afla V ONE 5 - 300 ppb Method for Total Aflatoxin Detection in Complete Feeds and Pet Food
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Introduction The avian influenza virus (AIV) H9N2 subtype was first characterized in 1966 as causing mild respiratory diseases in turkeys (Homme and Easterday, 1970) and, for the first decade after its isolation, was found only in shorebirds and mallards (Kawaoka, et al., 1988). However, after almost 50-years evolution and propagation, the H9N2 viruses have spread across most of...
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In Egypt, highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.2.1 virus was introduced to poultry via migratory birds in late 2005 (1) and is now endemic among poultry in Egypt (2). Also in Egypt, the number of H5N1 infections in humans is the highest in the world, and low pathogenicity influenza A(H9N2) virus is widespread among poultry and has infected humans (2). Despite extensive vaccination, H5N1 and H9N2 viruses are co-circulating and frequently reported (2). In 2014, highly pathogenic...
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Husam Bakri, Global Technical Expert at Merck, explained his findings on avian influenza in the Middle East and North Africa, as well as economic impact, vaccination, and biosecurity, during IPPE 2017 in Atlanta, USA....
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Background Avian influenza (AI) is a devastating disease and the current approach that is used to control it is based on isolation and extermination of affected flocks in order to stop the spread of the virus. Alternative approaches, including the use of vaccines, have been only 60% effective in chickens [1, 2] due to the high mutation rate of the virus and lack of cross-protection between viral strains. Moreover, most countries do not allow importation of vaccinated birds due...
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Introduction On June 21, 2012, Mexico officially reported the presence of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus subtype H7N3 in three commercial egg laying farms in the state of Jalisco. The affected birds showed clinical signs of ruffled feathers, lethargy, anorexia, prostration, depression, and acute death.1 The ages of the infected birds were 32, 72, 75, 84, and 94 weeks. To prevent the dissemination of the disease, health authorities implemented a quarantine,...
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The International Egg Commission's Avian Influenza Global Expert Group continues its work to help egg producers manage the risk of Avian Influenza.
The recent northern winter has had a very limited number of Avian Influenza outbreaks reported. The IEC’s Avian Influenza Global Expert Group considers that this is no reason for producers, whether southern or northern hemisphere producers, to let their guard down. In technical terms, it is considered that the current wave of...
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Dr. Kateri Bertran (USDA) explained the pros and cons of each method of control during an outbreak in this interview at the Avian Influenza International Seminar 2017 in Buenos Aires, Argentina....
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We at Livestock Industry Foundation for Africa believe that Nigeria should drive a more proactive management approach to the control of Avian influenza epizootics. Nigeria is a potentially high-risk target country vulnerable to Avian influenza possible annual or biannual outbreak (February-April).
The country is a target hob to three out of the four migratory birds routes from South East Asia which are countries that had reportedly reported consistent...
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Optimal in-feed amino acid ratio for laying hens based on deletion method
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Udi Ashash (Director of Global Technical Services, Phibro Vaccines) explained the effect of migratory birds, and gave recommendations on eradication and vaccination, during the Avian Influenza International Seminar 2017 in Buenos Aires, Argentina....
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Husam Bakri (Vaxxinova) spoke on the risks of avian Influenza and its appearance in combination with IBV or Newcastle, and the importance of good management measures, during IPPE 2018 in Atlanta, USA....
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Matthias Voss (Lohmann Tierzucht) speaks about legislation, zoning and compartmentalization, during the Avian Influenza International Seminar 2017 in Buenos Aires, Argentina....
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1. INTRODUCTION Avian influenza virus (AIV) infects different types of birds, including chickens, causing respiratory or systemic diseases that vary in severity and cause heavy losses to the poultry industry in the world (Goudrazi et al., 2013). This disease is caused by type A influenza virus that belong to family Orthomyxoviridae. To date, 18 H subtypes have been recognized (H1 to H18) and 11 N subtypes (N1 to N11) (Tong et al., 2013). Possibly the most significant problem...
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In previous articles we overviewed different approaches for control of avian influenza in poultry including culling of infected birds , vaccination and the ...
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The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) announced an agreement with the government of South Korea that significantly reduces negative impacts on trade should another detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) occur in the United States. The agreement will allow for trade restrictions at the state level instead of the country level during any future HPAI detections.
This action bolsters the already strong trade relationship between the United States and South...
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Findings Avian influenza virus (AIV) is a member of the Orthomyxoviridae family, Influenzavirus A genus . AIV is characterized by its ability to undergo constant antigenic changes [1]. AIV envelope contains two major glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) [2]. The HA/NA proteins play a key role during cellular infection. Different HA/NA combinations allow AIV subtype discrimination. Depending on the damage caused to avian species, AIVs are categorized...
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Findings The recent outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in numerous countries in Asia and Africa and the increase in human cases demonstrate that influenza A viruses remain a global pandemic threat [1,2]. Worldwide, natural migrations of birds and commercialization of poultry product are considered two of the most important mechanisms of disease dispersion [3]. Due to the high risk of the A(H5N1) pandemic threat, multinational efforts have been made to...
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Afla V ONE 5 - 300 ppb Method for Total Aflatoxin Detection in Complete Feeds and Pet Food
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Introduction A novel H7N9 influenza A virus emerged in humans in Eastern China in February of 2013. Cases were often severe and the case fatality rate is approximately 32%. The viral genome was rapidly characterized and was revealed to contain a novel constellation of genes from avian influenza viruses from several Eurasian sublineages most of which had been previously detected in China (Kageyama et al., 2013; Van Ranst and Lemey, 2013; Xiong et al., 2013;...
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