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Avian influenza
Avian influenza is a viral infection found in domestic poultry and a wide range of other birds. Wild waterfowl and shorebirds are often subclinically affected carriers of the virus. In poultry, low-pathogenicity strains can cause subclinical infections; however, some strains typically cause respiratory signs or decreased egg production. Highly pathogenic strains may cause widespread organ failure and sudden death, often with high mortality rates. Diagnosis is based on detection of the viral genome or specific antibodies or on virus isolation. Antimicrobials may help control secondary bacterial infection in flocks affected by low-pathogenicity strains. Antiviral drugs are not approved or recommended. Prevention is best accomplished by biosecurity measures. Vaccines matched for antigenic type can greatly increase resistance to infection, prevent clinical signs, and decrease viral shedding in infected flocks.
The European Union is proposing to legislate on avian flu controls. Although its proposed directive is targeted mainly at the poultry industry, movement of pigs would also be involved.
"The proposed laboratory tests, and actions following positive findings, appear reasonable and proportionate to the current knowledge and assessment of risk," says NPA policy manager Ann Petersson. Nevertheless she would welcome any feedback from members.
• The competent authority shall ensure that...
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Recent discussions with Defra's exotic disease division indicate a need to formulate a control policy in the event of avian influenza entering the country.
No case has so far been reported of a transmission into pigs that has resulted in the pig becoming infectious, although reports speak of virus being isolated in pigs on the same holdings as infected birds. It is far more difficult for a virus to replicate itself and cause infection in another species.
History, however, contains plenty...
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