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Antimicrobials in poultry
Antimicrobial agents are essential tools for treating and controlling bacterial infections in poultry production. Veterinarians have a huge responsibility when using antimicrobials in poultry producing meat and eggs for human consumption. The term ‘judicious use’ of antimicrobials implies the optimal selection of drug, dose and duration of antimicrobial treatment, along with a reduction in inappropriate and excessive use as a means of slowing the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The proper use of antimicrobials depends on the knowledge of interrelationships between bacteria, antimicrobial, host and consumer. The antimicrobial groups most commonly used in poultry are the betalactams, polypeptides, aminoglycosides and aminocyclitols, macrolides and lincosamides, florfenicol, tetracyclines, sulphonamides, quinolones and fluoroquinolones and ionophores.
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Dr. Kendra Waldbusser (Pilgrim's) discussed consumers trends and responsible use of antibiotics, during the 2018 NIAA Antibiotic Symposium....
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Effects of superdoses of phytase on peaking Hy-Line W-36 laying hen egg production and egg quality
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Roller coaster, there is no more accurate word to describe this year's price trend of Florfenicol.
From the 2019 Florfenicol chart, we can see that the trend went down and up and down again, coming out of a "roller coaster", with a significant fluctuation.
On December 31st, the average price was 448 yuan/kg,...
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Introduction
Respiratory infections particularly those in which bacterial pathogens are involved (Glisson, 1998), are some of the most serious diseases of poultry (van Empel and Hafez, 1999). Increased mortality, increased costs of medication, increased condemnation rates, drops in egg production, reduction in shell quality, and decreased hatchability directly associated with these respiratory infections in poultry cause heavy economic losses (van Empel and Hafez,...
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The poultry farming now-a-days plays a vital role in global economy. Farmers throughout the globe have moved from rearing domestic birds in the past to rearing hybrids which ensure faster growth of chicks, low mortality rates, excellent feed conversion ratio and consequently sustainable profits to the poultry farmers. This has been well supported by extensive efforts worldwide to improve the overall performance of the poultry in terms of growth and production so as to improve the economy...
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INTRODUCTION The simplest approach to decrease dependence on routine antibiotic regimes in animal production is to implement alternative methods to control the bacterial challenges that the antibiotics are modulating (and not look at antibiotics as non-specific production enhancers). The chronic nature of mycoplasma infections and vertical transmission in poultry are the reasons for the strategy of mycoplasma freedom but this is often very difficult to implement at the final...
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Kelsy Robinson (Oklahoma State University) discussed the importance of a better understanding of intestinal mycobiota to improve poultry health and productivity, during the 8th Symposium on Gut Health in Production of Food Animals in St. Louis, USA....
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INTRODUCTION Salmonella enterica is the 3rd leading cause of foodborne illnesses globally; accounting for 78 million illnesses and 59 thousand foodborne-related deaths annually (Havelaar et al., 2015). In the United States, non-typhoidal Salmonella is responsible for 1 million illnesses, 19 thousand hospitalizations, and 378 deaths each year (Scallan et al., 2011). Children (≤5 years old) and the elderly (>65 years old) are most susceptible to Salmonella infection,...
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Maarten De Gussem, global poultry consultant and founder of Vetworks, is a keynote speaker this week at the Latin American Poultry Congress in Lima, Peru. De Gussem is presenting the latest findings on two important topics in poultry health on Bacterial Enteritis and Salmonella control programs in the...
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INTRODUCTION Avian coccidiosis is major parasitic disease of high economic concern in the poultry industry worldwide and is caused by at least seven distinct species of Eimeria apicomplexan protozoa that infect the various areas of intestinal mucosa. The economic loss for avian coccidiosis is estimated to be more than $3 billion worldwide (Williams, 1999) and this cost includes in-feed medication, mortality, impaired growth rate, inefficient feed utilization and reduction in egg...
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INTRODUCTION The intestinal microbiome shapes the gut immune system. In rodents, for example, intestinal colonization by Bifidobacterium infantis or Faecalibacterium prausnitzii stimulates the development of Foxp3 + T regulatory cells (Tregs) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) production, while segmented filamentous bacteria induce proinflammatory T helper 17 (Th17) cell development (Lee and Mazmanian, 2010). In chickens, Yin et al. (2010) reported that an evolving gut...
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Dianna Bourassa (Auburn University) explained the results obtained in this research using three different levels of peroxyacetic acid to minimize carcass contamination, during IPPE 2019 in Atlanta, USA....
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Dr. Sara J. Steinlage (Elanco) discussed the impact of these measures on poultry health and welfare, during the 2018 NIAA Antibiotic Symposium....
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Innovative Directions in Aflatoxin Testing Point to Measureable Gains in Quality Of Lab Data
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David Wicker (Fieldale Farms) discussed vaccination, selected breeder flocks, nutrition, supervision and other aspects of antibiotic-free production, during the Multi-State Poultry Feeding and Nutrition Conference in Indianapolis, USA....
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Abstract
An experimental direct-fed microbial (DFM) was evaluated in a dose- response trial to determine broiler live performance to 42 d with Coccivac® B at placement (d 0), used litter on d 4, and toxin-producing Clostridium perfringens (Cp) challenges on d 17-18 (by oral gavage and via water trough daily). There were 8 dietary treatment groups with 10 replicate pens of 30 chicks each per treatment (2,400 Cobb 500 straight- run chicks total)....
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1. Introduction In-feed supplementation of antibiotics was firstly reported to promote growth in chickens (Moore et al., 1946) and subsequently in pigs (Jukes et al., 1950; Luecke et al., 1950). Since then, antibiotics have been routinely used in livestock production at subtherapeutic levels for disease prevention and growth promotion and are more commonly known as antibiotic growth promoters (Dibner and Richards, 2005). Unfortunately, continuous long-term exposure of gut...
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Kristina Feye (University of Arkansas) discussed the variety of options available to producers to control pathogens, during IPPE 2019 in Atlanta, USA....
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Effects of superdoses of phytase on peaking Hy-Line W-36 laying hen egg production and egg quality
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Introduction During broiler carcass processing, evisceration, carcass wash, prechilling and cooling steps can favor the dissemination of microorganisms and carcass contamination (USDA, 2002). One infected broiler arriving at the processing plant may be the source of contamination of many other carcasses (Lillard, 1989; Rasschaert et al., 2008). Some microorganisms present in the broiler intestine, such as Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., and thermotolerant coliforms,...
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INTRODUCTION Antimicrobial agents have been used extensively for prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in food animals (Dibner and Richards, 2005; Niewold, 2007). The concomitant risk of spreading antibiotic resistance to human population through the food supply chain and the environment is important since many classes of these antimicrobial agents are also used in human medicine. Therefore, increased global concern regarding development of antimicrobial...
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