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Antimicrobials in poultry
Antimicrobial agents are essential tools for treating and controlling bacterial infections in poultry production. Veterinarians have a huge responsibility when using antimicrobials in poultry producing meat and eggs for human consumption. The term ‘judicious use’ of antimicrobials implies the optimal selection of drug, dose and duration of antimicrobial treatment, along with a reduction in inappropriate and excessive use as a means of slowing the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The proper use of antimicrobials depends on the knowledge of interrelationships between bacteria, antimicrobial, host and consumer. The antimicrobial groups most commonly used in poultry are the betalactams, polypeptides, aminoglycosides and aminocyclitols, macrolides and lincosamides, florfenicol, tetracyclines, sulphonamides, quinolones and fluoroquinolones and ionophores.
Immediately following the news that sales of antibiotics to treat and prevent disease in UK farm livestock have achieved a record low following a 27% reduction over the past two years, targets for further reducing, refining or replacing antibiotic use across the key livestock sectors have been announced at a London...
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Introduction
Poultry production has undergone a substantial increase compared to other animal food-producing industries since 1970 (Yegani and Korver, 2008). Improvements in housing, genetic selection for growth rate, and advances in feed formulation achieved by matching nutrient requirements of the birds and nutrient contents of the feedstuffs, have resulted in higher meat yield, improved feed conversion and lower mortality rates (Choct et al., 1999;...
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An impact of Deoxynivalenol produced by Fusarium graminearum on broiler chickens
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INTRODUCTION
Antibiotics are considered growth promoters when administered at non-therapeutic (low) concentrations in the feed of food animals to stimulate growth and improve feed efficiency (Costa et al., 2011; Lin et al., 2013). Antibiotics growth promoters (AGP) in the feed of different animal species has been used for more than 60 years in the...
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INTRODUCTION Fluoroquinolones are the third generation of quinolone development. Nalidixic acid and pipemidic acid are examples of the first generation and currently have limited activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Fluorinated 4-quinolones were introduced to the market in the 1980s and were the top of the line antibiotics, offering a broad spectrum of activity and high efficacy in a wide range of infections both...
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Introduction It is well known that antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) can improve production performance in birds (1) although the exact mode of action is still not completely understood. According to (2), a major hypothesis about the action of AGP is through the reduction of innate inflammatory response in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of birds. Now that the use of AGP...
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Billy Hargis, Professor of Poultry Science at the University of Arkansas, shared his views on the downside of antibiotic reduction, the huge results differences among probiotic products, and the present and future of the poultry industry, during IPPE 2017 in Atlanta, USA....
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Dr. Christian Lückstädt, Technical Director for "Feed" business unit at Addcon, talks about the consequences of using antibiotics and the use of new additives in animal production
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Mário Penz, Director of Strategic Accounts at Cargill, spoke to us during the Poultry and Egg Summit Latin America VIV 2016 in Buenos Aires, Argentina and he discussed the importance of nutrition in sustainability by improving digestibility in poultry. He also supports a holistic approach to the process....
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Ben Dellaert, Director of Avined and Chairman of the International Egg Commission, talked about the best practices adopted in the Netherlands to reduce the use of antibiotics during the Poultry and Egg Summit Latin America VIV 2016 in Buenos Aires, Argentina....
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Dr. Marcos Rostagno, Global Senior Technical Consultant at Elanco Animal Health, spoke to us at Avicolas con Porcinos 2016 in Buenos Aires about the recent global tendencies on reduction of antimicrobials in poultry and how can producers make adjustments to comply with changes in regulations....
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The 2nd International Symposium on Alternatives to Antibiotics (ATA): Challenges and Solutions in Animal Production, will take place at the World Organisation in Animal Health in Paris, from December 12th to 15th.
PROGRAM
December 12, 2016
Opening Ceremony
Keynote Presentation
18:00-18:15 Welcome...
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Dr. J. O. Isikwenu from Delta State University, presents his paper on the effect of Xylopia aethiopica dried fruits (grains of selim) as an additive on the performance and microbial population in starter broiler chicks....
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DESCRIPTION OF PROBLEM Several studies [1–10] have shown that in addition to being effective for the prevention of necrotic enteritis [11, 12], the antibiotic feed additive virginiamycin (VM, Stafac) spares nutrients essential for optimal poultry flock performance. The nutrient-sparing effect of VM has been attributed to a reduction in nutrient breakdown by...
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Introduction A nice overview of the problem of antimicrobial use in animal production is given on the EFFORT website, a European initiative for reducing antimicrobial resistance: The introduction of antimicrobial agents in the 1940s for human clinical medicine but also in animal husbandry changed the options for treatment completely. Successful...
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This article was originally published in Journal of World's Poultry Research (2015). Vol. 5(2): 21-28. Introduction Necrotic Enteritis (NE) is a worldwide disease caused by Clostridium Perfringens, which is a ubiquitous anaerobic bacterium that is readily found in soil, dust, feces, feed, poultry litter and intestinal contents (Opengart and Songer, 2013). The...
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What is an antibiogram?
An antibiogram is a laboratory test used to determine the sensitivity pattern of a given microorganism to a range of antibiotics. The advantages of antibiogram use and the techniques involved in running these tests are well known. I would like to point out a few details regarding the management and interpretation of these tests and how they are used...
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Copper (Cu) has been widely used at pharmacological levels (e.g., 125 ppm) as growth promoter in poultry. However, the mechanism by which high levels of Cu promote growth remains to be determined. It is commonly recognized that Cu exerts anti-microbial effects in the gut but there is not much direct and consistent data showing that Cu alters the population of bacterial species in birds. The objective of this study was to understand the mechanism by which Cu...
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Introduction The farm comprised 450 breeding sows and stock taken through to bacon, all on one site. The farm was a closed herd with importations of semen and gilts coming from the finishing herd. The farm was infected with PRRS virus, against which sows were not vaccinated, enzootic pneumonia (EP) (Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae) as well as pleuropneumonia (APP) (Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae) and Glässer’s...
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An impact of Deoxynivalenol produced by Fusarium graminearum on broiler chickens
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In the early 1940´s the first antibiotic— penicillin—was used successfully to treat bacterial infections and to save thousands of lives, including those of wounded World War II soldiers. Today, antibiotics, which target microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, and parasites, are essential for human and animal health. They continue to save lives as well as increase animal production and efficiency. However, exploration of alternative...
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Introduction For several decades, the use of sub-therapeutic levels of antibiotics in animal feeds has been a common practice in many countries in order to improve growth performance and prevent from the adverse effects of pathogenic and non-pathogenic enteric microorganisms. However, there are increasing concerns for the public health about the consequences from the use of antibiotics in livestock [1]. The risk of...
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