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Antimicrobials in poultry
Antimicrobial agents are essential tools for treating and controlling bacterial infections in poultry production. Veterinarians have a huge responsibility when using antimicrobials in poultry producing meat and eggs for human consumption. The term ‘judicious use’ of antimicrobials implies the optimal selection of drug, dose and duration of antimicrobial treatment, along with a reduction in inappropriate and excessive use as a means of slowing the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The proper use of antimicrobials depends on the knowledge of interrelationships between bacteria, antimicrobial, host and consumer. The antimicrobial groups most commonly used in poultry are the betalactams, polypeptides, aminoglycosides and aminocyclitols, macrolides and lincosamides, florfenicol, tetracyclines, sulphonamides, quinolones and fluoroquinolones and ionophores.
Introduction Maintaining the structure of the digestive tract in good health is critical for successful rearing of broilers. Dietary factors disrupting mucosal integrity or motility of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) might induce enteric disorders, wet litter problems, poor pigmentation and inefficient growth. Enteric disorders have been managed through dietary changes including the use of in-feed growth promoters and animal proteins. Addition of certain antibiotics to feed...
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A University of Arkansas-led research team has found that an effective way to get rid of pathogenic Campylobcter bacteria in turkeys is to use proteins produced naturally by other bacteria. The proteins are called bacteriocins. The researchers found that these proteins can eliminate the detectable Campylobacter and that they can also change conditions in the gut so that the pathogen has fewer places to hide and develop. “If we can eliminate Campylobacter, we don’t have to worry about...
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Karen Steuer, director of government operations for the Pew Environment Group, today issued the following statement in response to the House Energy & Commerce Committee mark up of the Animal Drug User Fee Act: “The routine use of antibiotics in animal agriculture has long been a contributing factor in the rise of antibiotic-resistant disease. The Pew Commission on Industrial Farm Animal Production recently joined the World Health Organization, the National Academies of Science, and...
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One of the most common food-borne pathogens, Campylobacter sickens more than two million people in the United States every year. With funding from USDA's Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES), scientists in Iowa are examining how this pathogen develops resistance to antibiotics and is transferred to humans via the food chain causing food-borne illness. The results of this study will help improve the safety, quality, and value of the nation's food supply,...
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Vyta Corp and Justin Holdings Inc., equal owners of their joint venture BioAgra LLC, announced the completion of a successful university study of its product Agrastim®, a purified yeast beta-1,3/1,6-D glucan product with an 80% or greater biological activity. This study was conducted at the University of Georgia, Athens, GA, in collaboration with the Southern Poultry Research Institute under the direction of Dr. Charles Hofacre and Mr. Greg Mathis, Ph.D., President of Southern...
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During the past 50 years, the poultry industry has progressed in several areas of nutrition, genetics, engineering, management and communications toward maximizing the efficiency of growth performance (weight for age and feed conversion) and meat yield. Today, however, the poultry industry must focus more attention toward addressing public concern for environmental and food safety. As in many other industries, the global paradigm is shifting from an emphasis on efficiency to one of...
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It is common knowledge that various antibiotics used to promote growth or treat diseases in livestock are also used in human medicine. There is increasing scientific evidence that resistant bacteria can develop as a result of misuse of such antimicrobials. Resistant bacteria can be transferred from animals to humans, resulting in infections that are harder to treat. Reports of antibiotic-resistant infections in hospitals across the world have been increasing every year, and the...
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Introduction Following recent reviews on the setting and the meeting of standards for the efficient replacement of pronutrient antibiotics in pig and poultry nutrition (Rosen, 2003b; 2003c), this review concentrates attention on ways and means of improving and optimizing the use of pronutrient antibiotics in broiler and turkey feeds, with particular reference to the multiplicity of proffered candidates and to the multiplexity and interactivity of influential genetic,...
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Introduction Antibiotics have been used in the poultry industry for the past 40 years to improve growth performance of birds. They are fed during the grow-out period to prevent infection by pathogens, maintain health and improve meat quality and wholesomeness. However, antibiotics have come under increasing scrutiny by scientists, consumers and government regulators alike because of the potential development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (including pathogenic strains) after...
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The intensive livestock production and the spreading of high productivity genetic stocks, have conditioned the common use of chemical substances known as “growth promoters”.
This kind of molecules are added at low rate to animal feed without changing considerably its composition. They speed up the growth and consequently increase the body size and weight rate. In order to be effective, growth promoters must keep their integrity during digestion process and must not be absorbed to perform...
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