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Piglets nutrition
At weaning, piglets are challenged by multiple sudden changes in their environment and diet. They are typically weaned between 3 to 4 weeks, when their digestive tract and immune system are still in development. As they need to adapt to new components in the diet, they are challenged with lower feed intake, digestive disorders and nutrient losses. To ensure optimal growth, piglets need (pre)starter diets formulated to meet their nutritional requirements and fully support their digestive health and immune system.
A successful nursery feeding program contains several components, but the most important are to: 1) match dietary nutrient levels and ingredients with weight and age of the nursery pig; 2) maximize feed intake, because newly weaned pigs are in an extremely energy deficient state and early intake helps maintain a healthy intestine; and 3) appropriately adjust pigs (based on age, weight, health status, etc.) to lower cost diets (usually grain-soybean meal diets) as quickly as possible after weaning to reduce total feed cost. The concepts are relatively simple and can be applied in a variety of situations around the world.
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Introduction Post-weaning diarrhoea ( PWD ) is a significant enteric disease causing considerable economic losses for the pig industry. Among several etiological risk factors, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli ( ETEC ) is considered to be a major cause, i.e. colibacillosis. The use of antibiotics at subtherapeutic concentrations was routinely used as growth promoters for several decades, but has since 1 January 2006 been banned in the European Union due to the...
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Post-weaning is a critical period for piglets. The immature digestive tract faces radical changes in the diet resulting in imbalances in the microbiota populations, and loss of the passive antibody protection provided by the milk. As result diarrhea episodes are frequently observed usually caused by E. coli. Application of Fecinor® ( Enterococcus faecium CECT 4515) in the piglet feed has proven to be useful to modify feces consistency by modulating the intestinal...
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Background Maize oil is an abundant source of vegetable oil used in human foods and animal feeds. Maize oil provides 8579 kcal/ kg of ME [1], which is comparable to soybean oil (8574 kcal/kg), and greater than canola oil (8384 kcal/kg) and palm kernel oil (7119 kcal/kg) when added to swine diets. The addition of lipids to animal feeds not only increases energy density, but also enhances the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and improves feed efficiency and palatability [2]. The...
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INTRODUCTION One of the greatest challenges in optimizing growth performance and health of newly weaned pigs is to overcome low and variable feed consumption which adversely affects gastrointestinal health during this critical transition period on commercial swine farms (Pluske et al., 1997; Langendijk et al. 2007; Dong and Pluske, 2007). Therefore, dietary interventions that encourage faster adaptation and greater feed consumption, while also improving energy and...
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Responses of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940 supplementation in weaned pig diets
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INTRODUCTION Antibiotics have given significant contributions to the human food production chain during their almost 80 years of use. Such contributions include a reduced incidence of bacterial disease, improved animal health status, and an overall enhancement in production efficiency (1, 2). However, due to concerns of antimicrobial resistance and its consequences to human health, the entire food-producing industry is under pressure to remove antibiotics from animal production...
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How does the ban change the way we look at feed formulation? Zinc oxide (ZnO) has often covered up mistakes within our piglet feed formulations. When we remove ZnO, excesses or imbalances in our formulation become visually obvious in the form of higher incidences of diarrhoea, variability within a batch, secondary diseases, higher feed costs, higher cost of production, higher mortality and more. The ZnO ban forces us to reflect on some of the often-overlooked aspects of our...
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What is the incentive for the EU ban? The EU ban entails the use of high levels of ZnO (known as veterinary levels), which can be defined as levels above 150 parts per million (ppm). High levels of ZnO increase the risk of heavy metal accumulation in the environment and the potential for antimicrobial resistance. We should not forget that zinc is an essential part of swine diets, at nutritional levels (below 100ppm). Zinc is needed for various enzyme to work properly and it...
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What are consequences of the ban for farmers? The ban will increase the risk for the development of digestive problems in piglets after weaning. Most pig producers already have very high standards of hygiene and management practices, but the ZnO ban means we have to even better take care of these things. This could mean that we have to re-evaluate for example the state of the weaning facilities. Are the feeders and drinkers still ok? It is also important to have the right pig...
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Are we prepared to remove ZnO from piglet diets? A survey done by Farmers Weekly and Elanco showed that that one-third of pig farmers in the UK are still routinely using zinc oxide in pigs after weaning, and 60% have no plan in place for when it is banned in 2022. Minimising problems is all about good preparation and know the solutions that you can use to limit the negative effects of removing ZnO (such as increased costs, low feed intakes, gut health issues). We have learned a...
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Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of providing a special feed preparation with a new feed additive based on probiotics to newborn piglets in the first day of life, on their performance during the lactation period. Oral administration of porcine lactic acid lactic bacteria in the first hours of life permits an early colonization of the intestine by beneficial microorganisms that can hinder or prevent a later colonization by pathogens. An...
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Introduction: There are two registered vaccines available (Clostriporc A, Enteroporc A, IDT Biologika GmbH) to prevent suckling piglet diarrhea caused by Clostridium perfringens type A (CpA). These are based on the α- and β2-toxoids. The goal of this study was to evaluate the development of antibodies against the α- and β2-toxins after recurrent vaccination of gilts with ENTEROPORC A under laboratory conditions. Materials and...
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Copper is very useful for young animals’ gut health, particularly for the integrity of the small intestine. In this final Young Animal TechTalk, Matthew Bekker, Technical Services Manager for Novus Southeast Asia and Pacific, shares how copper in chelated form is highly valuable to chick’s and piglet’s epithelial cells and villous structure....
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Early nutrition and feeding play a very important role to modulate the immature immune system of chicks and piglets. In this TechTalk, Teera Tiyasatkulkovit, Technical Services Manager for Novus Southeast Asia and Pacific, talks about how essential oils can complement the animal’s innate immune system and enhance their adaptive immune system to protect young animals and support their growth....
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Responses of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940 supplementation in weaned pig diets
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Introduction: Mesocolon edema syndrome is recognized as a common cause of diarrhea in pigs less than 2 weeks of age, and has been associated with neonatal colonization by Clostridium difficile , C. perfringens , or often as a combined infection. In the United States, C. perfringens type A is increasing in prevalence, but C. difficile colonization and subsequent enterotoxemia is still an important cause of the syndrome. In this study, we directly...
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Introduction: Cystoisospora (syn. Isospora ) suis is a leading cause of diarrheal disease in neonatal piglets and the disease is related to considerable economic losses. The metaphylactic treatment with toltrazuril 3 to 5 days after birth is a common control measure practiced in many countries. Another essential practice is the prevention of neonatal iron deficiency anaemia as piglets are born with small iron reserves (35 to 50 mg) and sow milk contains...
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Introduction: Clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive bacteria that can cause diarrhea and is commonly transferred from the sow to the piglet. The objective of this study was to evaluate dietary addition of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product during late gestation through a 21 d lactation on sow and litter performance, milk components, and fecal Clostridium perfringens. Materials and Methods: On d 93 of...
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A relatively new approach in piglet nutrition is to see what role sow diets can play in getting the young ones to eat faster.
Sensory imprinting plays this role: If sow and weaner diets are linked by the same flavour, young piglets learn to start eating like a pig sooner. Listen to Professor Bruno Silva from the Federal University of Minas Gerais in Brazil to know more! ...
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