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Piglets nutrition
At weaning, piglets are challenged by multiple sudden changes in their environment and diet. They are typically weaned between 3 to 4 weeks, when their digestive tract and immune system are still in development. As they need to adapt to new components in the diet, they are challenged with lower feed intake, digestive disorders and nutrient losses. To ensure optimal growth, piglets need (pre)starter diets formulated to meet their nutritional requirements and fully support their digestive health and immune system.
A successful nursery feeding program contains several components, but the most important are to: 1) match dietary nutrient levels and ingredients with weight and age of the nursery pig; 2) maximize feed intake, because newly weaned pigs are in an extremely energy deficient state and early intake helps maintain a healthy intestine; and 3) appropriately adjust pigs (based on age, weight, health status, etc.) to lower cost diets (usually grain-soybean meal diets) as quickly as possible after weaning to reduce total feed cost. The concepts are relatively simple and can be applied in a variety of situations around the world.
Mike Tokach (Kansas State University) explains how to remove costs by reviewing amino acids and energy levels, and the close relation between genetics and nutrition, during the Nutrimas workshop....
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Mike Tokach (Kansas State University) explains changes in piglet body weight and sow milk production, during the Nutrimas workshop....
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Introduction With the rise of antimicrobial resistance and the more frequent identification of multidrug resistance strains, as well as a lack of research into the development of new antimicrobial agents, scientists are increasingly interested in tests of active substances derived from plants due to their ease of availability, safety, and cost effectiveness (Albert, 2021). The use of medicinal plants in animal nutrition has increased due to their positive properties such as...
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Mycotoxins semiannual survey of mycotoxin in feed in 2023 Taiwan - Second Half
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Introduction: Increased litter sizes due to hyper prolific sows have led to litters with up to 30% of piglets being born with signs of intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR). IUGR piglets have lower survival rates and are more likely to have empty stomachs at 24 hours. In addition, it is estimated that IUGR piglets can only consume 100 g of the recommended 250 g of colostrum within the first 24 hours. The gastric emptying rate of these piglets might influence their...
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Introduction: They are several benefits of using IgY as a feed additive. Egg yolk or yolk plasma as a feed additive may improve the production results by two ways: 1) stimulation of growth rate through metabolism improvement and/or increasing feed intake; 2) stabilization and enhancing the gastrointestinal tract immune protection. The aim of the study was to compare two ways of IgY administration in the peri-weaning period (1 week before and 2 weeks after weaning) and to...
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Introduction: Since 2006, Antibiotic growth promotors (AGP) are banned in the EU. Questions are raising in EU as well as in other parts of the world about the effectiveness of alternatives to replace AGPs. Commonly used alternatives in EU are products based on butyric acid. Butyric acid (C4) is a short chain fatty acid (SCFA) with a biological role, consistently present in the intestinal ecosystem, as it is naturally produced by fermentation of polysaccharides by the intestinal...
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Introduction: Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii is a probiotic yeast with an established history of use for the prevention and/or treatment of diarrhoea and chronic inflammatory disease in human medicine. More recently, S. boulardii has also been used in the pig industry to increase performance and reduce pathogen burden during vulnerable early life stages such as post-farrowing and weaning. Recent advances in DNA sequencing technology are now able to understand the host...
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Introduction: The piglets TGI is not yet completely developed after weaning for solid diet digestion and absorption, so different ingredients are used to minimize these problems, improve feed intake and body weight gain during nursery phase. Yeast has been used as an important source of nucleotides, proteins, amino acids, MOS and β-glucans. Based on this, the aim of this study was to evaluate the supplementation of yeast as a source of nucleotides in piglet’s diet...
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Introduction: Appropriate nutrient digestibility is a key to animal health and growth performance, particularly in post-weaning pigs. Compounds with anti-inflammatory or anti-oxidative properties have potential to support gut integrity and growth performance when included in diets for pigs. Isoquinoline alkaloids (IQ) derived from the Papaveraceae plant Macleaya cordata exert anti-inflammatory effects, whereas naringin (NRG), a bitter-tasting flavanone glycoside from...
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Introduction: Increased litter sizes due to hyper prolific sows have led to litters with up to 30% of piglets being born with signs of intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) and thereby needing additional care or/and nutritional supplements. Up to 48 % of piglets that die before weaning have empty stomachs, and it is estimated that piglets need at least 250 g of colostrum within the first 24 hours to survive. It has previously been estimated that IUGR piglets only...
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Introduction: Phosphorus is an element with potential impact on the intestinal microbiota of pigs. Studies revealed that bacterial growth was limited in the intestine feeding low concentrations of phosphorus and that ileal bacteria increased with higher calcium and phosphorus feed contents, whereas there was no effect on bacterial numbers in the colon. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of varying phosphorus levels in diets of piglets on the bacterial...
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Effect of Sc 47 yeast probiotic yeast on the performance and hindgut microbiota composition of weanling pigs
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Introduction: Previous research showed that one out of three sows produces insufficient colostrum and milk for the offspring. This may lead to reduced piglet performance. The most obvious solution is to increase the colostrum and milk production of the sow. However, optimizing the composition of sow colostrum and milk may also be a valuable preventive measure. Therefore, knowledge of the composition of the mammary secretions and influencing factors is important. The aim of this...
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Introduction: Newly weaned pigs require 50-100 mg/kg of zinc in feed to meet dietary requirements (National Research Council). The addition of high levels of zinc oxide (> 2000 mg/kg) in nursery diets is often used as a preventive measure for Escherichia coli diarrhea and to improve growth performance. The mechanism y which this occurs is still not fully understood, however, it is proposed that zinc oxide has an effect on the gastrointestinal microbiome, due to its...
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Mycotoxins semiannual survey of mycotoxin in feed in 2023 Taiwan - Second Half
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Introduction: The effects of the oral supplementation of probiotics on the performance (weight gain and feed intake) and intestinal histo-morphology of the duodenal, jejunal, and ileal mucosa (villus height, width, and perimeter and crypt depth) of two different genetic lines (purebred Large White or crossbred Large White x Landrace) of suckling piglets. Materials and Methods: The suckling piglets were evaluated between 2 and 19 days of age. In total, 276...
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Introduction: The fluctuation in price of major feed ingredients is affecting cost of production in swine industry. Therefore, alternative ingredients to reduce feed cost become more important than before. Palm kernel meal (PKM) is a by-product after extracting palm oil in tropical area. There were various studies to evaluate PKM supplementation instead of corn and SBM in growing-finishing pig’s diet. However, there was no information for optimal level of dietary...
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Introduction: Weaning process causes a significant biological stress to piglets which lead to a detrimental effect on feed intake, growth rate, intestinal morphology and immune system. A mixture of quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloids and protopine alkaloids (QBA+PA) possess antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. They also are known to improve endogenous digestive enzyme secretion, activate of the immune system and improve protein retention of farm...
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Despite environmental and public health (bacterial resistance) issues, supranutritional levels of zinc oxide (ZnO) are still commonly used to prevent diarrhea in post-weaning piglets. In Canada, these levels represent more than eight-fold the CFIA proposed maximum levels at 300 mg/kg. The limited knowledge of their consequences for the metabolism of trace minerals has hampered the replacement of this strategy without compromising piglet health. Our laboratory has performed a series of...
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Introduction: It is well known that lactose and whey powder were used as the main raw materials in weaning pig diet due to the fact that supplementation of milk by-products in weaning pig diet helped maintaining an enhanced intestinal environment in pig. Moreover, increasing of growth and enhancing feed intake of weaning pigs by supplementation of milk by-products has been known widely in weaning pigs’ diet. However, high levels of dietary milk byproducts induced the...
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Basic Role of Feed Formulation Feed formulation is a process by which our knowledge of the nutrition of the animal can be translated into feeding programs which achieve our production objectives. These objectives typically include optimizing growth performance and producing a final carcass that can be converted into safe, healthy and appealing consumer meat products. This must be done in a profitable manner that concurrently contributes to environmental sustainability and animal...
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