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Piglets nutrition
At weaning, piglets are challenged by multiple sudden changes in their environment and diet. They are typically weaned between 3 to 4 weeks, when their digestive tract and immune system are still in development. As they need to adapt to new components in the diet, they are challenged with lower feed intake, digestive disorders and nutrient losses. To ensure optimal growth, piglets need (pre)starter diets formulated to meet their nutritional requirements and fully support their digestive health and immune system.
A successful nursery feeding program contains several components, but the most important are to: 1) match dietary nutrient levels and ingredients with weight and age of the nursery pig; 2) maximize feed intake, because newly weaned pigs are in an extremely energy deficient state and early intake helps maintain a healthy intestine; and 3) appropriately adjust pigs (based on age, weight, health status, etc.) to lower cost diets (usually grain-soybean meal diets) as quickly as possible after weaning to reduce total feed cost. The concepts are relatively simple and can be applied in a variety of situations around the world.
Introduction: The fluctuation in price of major feed ingredients is affecting cost of production in swine industry. Therefore, alternative ingredients to reduce feed cost become more important than before. Palm kernel meal (PKM) is a by-product after extracting palm oil in tropical area. There were various studies to evaluate PKM supplementation instead of corn and SBM in growing-finishing pig’s diet. However, there was no information for optimal level of dietary...
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Introduction: Weaning process causes a significant biological stress to piglets which lead to a detrimental effect on feed intake, growth rate, intestinal morphology and immune system. A mixture of quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloids and protopine alkaloids (QBA+PA) possess antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. They also are known to improve endogenous digestive enzyme secretion, activate of the immune system and improve protein retention of farm...
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Despite environmental and public health (bacterial resistance) issues, supranutritional levels of zinc oxide (ZnO) are still commonly used to prevent diarrhea in post-weaning piglets. In Canada, these levels represent more than eight-fold the CFIA proposed maximum levels at 300 mg/kg. The limited knowledge of their consequences for the metabolism of trace minerals has hampered the replacement of this strategy without compromising piglet health. Our laboratory has performed a series of...
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Introduction: It is well known that lactose and whey powder were used as the main raw materials in weaning pig diet due to the fact that supplementation of milk by-products in weaning pig diet helped maintaining an enhanced intestinal environment in pig. Moreover, increasing of growth and enhancing feed intake of weaning pigs by supplementation of milk by-products has been known widely in weaning pigs’ diet. However, high levels of dietary milk byproducts induced the...
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Basic Role of Feed Formulation Feed formulation is a process by which our knowledge of the nutrition of the animal can be translated into feeding programs which achieve our production objectives. These objectives typically include optimizing growth performance and producing a final carcass that can be converted into safe, healthy and appealing consumer meat products. This must be done in a profitable manner that concurrently contributes to environmental sustainability and animal...
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Don Giesting (Cargill) discusses the characteristics of zearalenone and deoxynivalenol (DON), as well as their impact on reproduction and feed intake, during this Swine It interview with host Laura Greiner....
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Young Dal Jang (University of Wisconsin–River Falls) This study was conducted to demonstrate the effects of second iron injection before weaning and iron levels in nursery diets on growth performance, hematological parameters, and fecal microbiome of pigs. A total of 70 newborn pigs from 7 sows were allotted to 4 treatments within litter, housed in farrowing crate without creep feed, and received the first dose (200 mg iron) at 2 to 3 d of age....
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Andrea Bonetti (University of Bologna) At weaning, pigs develop significant stress with long-lasting effects on their performance and health. Botanicals include a wide variety of bioactive molecules able to control inflammation and oxidation. The aim of the study was to investigate the ability of a microencapsulated thymol-based blend of botanicals (BOT) to support piglets’ performance and health during an LPS inflammatory challenge. To examine...
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Yihang Li (University of Delaware) Developmental plasticity during the prenatal and early postnatal periods allows animals to adapt quickly to their environment and efficiently construct organ systems crucial for survival. These adaptations, which may be irreversible later in life, can lead animals to develop beneficial survival strategies or predispose them to chronic diseases. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a highly adaptive organ, contending...
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Brian Aldridge (University of Illinois) shares insights on the environmental, nutritional, and maternal factors that affect the microbiome of different animals, during the 11th Symposium on Gut Health in Production of Food Animals in St. Louis, USA....
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Diana Ayala (Purina Animal Nutrition) Post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) is a serious health and welfare problem for the global swine industry. PWD is a multifactorial condition occurring the first 10–14 d after weaning; it is generally associated with the proliferation of pathogenic Escherichia coli groups, specifically enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC); however, PWD is also associated with several viral infections. Antibiotics are commonly used as a control...
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Yihang Li (University of Delaware) gives a presentation on the gastrointestinal tract and the impact of early life development on later life diseases in pigs, during the 11th Symposium on Gut Health in Production of Food Animals in St. Louis, USA....
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Young Dal Jang (University of Wisconsin–River Falls) speaks on the microbiome of pigs and dietary iron levels, during the 11th Symposium on Gut Health in Production of Food Animals in St. Louis, USA....
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Andrea Bonetti (University of Bologna) gives a presentation on botanicals and their impact on inflammation and oxidation, during the 11th Symposium on Gut Health in Production of Food Animals in St. Louis, USA....
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Diana Ayala (Purina Animal Nutrition) presents research to determine the underlying bacterial cause of PWD and a potential vertical transmission from sows to pre-weaned piglets, as well as to determine whether a customized direct-fed microbial (DFM)-based product could reduce the pathogens isolated from affected pigs, during the 11th Symposium on Gut Health in Production of Food Animals in St. Louis, USA....
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Katherine Vande Pol (University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign) talks about pre-mortality, decline in body temperature and measures to help, during this Swine It interview with host Laura Greiner....
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In the current study, β-glucan present in fermentation products from Ganoderma lucidum (GLF) was tested as a feed supplement to evaluate its efficacy on growth performance and immunocompetence in weanling piglets suffering from physiological stress during weaning. This article focuses on after challenging with porcine circovirus (PCV) type 2, a supplementation with 50 mg GLF per kg feed also inhibited PCV-2 virus amplification, Figure 1. Detection of PCV-2 nucleic acid in...
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Implications Nowadays, nearly one out of seven piglets dies before weaning in European commercial herds. Such a high mortality rate is a major source of economic loss and a subject for animal welfare concern. By providing energy and antibodies, colostrum plays an essential role in piglet survival. However, colostrum yield and concentrations of immunoglobulins were shown to be highly variable from sow to sow, and causes for this variability are not fully known yet. A better...
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Introduction Maintenance of general health and prevention of infectious diseases are critically dependent on intestinal homeostasis and proper immune competence. In this regard, early colonization of the gut by microbiota as well as the concomitant development of the intestinal immune system has been proven to be important [1,2,3]. Immediately after birth, the intestine is colonized by bacteria derived from maternal and environmental sources [4,5]. During the early-life period, the...
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Introduction The gut microbes of mammals are integral to the prevention of infectious diseases, maintenance of intestinal morphology, nutrient digestion and metabolism, immune modulation of the host (Nicholson et al., 2005; Romick-Rosendale et al., 2009; Hooper et al., 2012). Immediately after birth, the piglet gut is rapidly colonized by a complex and diverse microbiota derived from the sow and environment (Konstantinov et al., 2006). As the pig grows, the gut microbiota becomes...
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