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Feedstuffs
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1. Introduction In 2019/2020, global small-grain production was: wheat—764 million metric tons (MMT), barley—156 MMT, oats—23 MMT, and rye—12 MMT[1]. High-quality grain is a critical component to global food security and meeting the challenge of feeding 9 billion people by 2050 [2]. Yet, as much as half of the grain harvested globally may be lost post harvest to poor storage, waste and mycotoxin contamination, with a similar amount never harvested due to...
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January 25, 2027
United States - Georgia - Atlanta
Farmers often judge feed by its price and by the results they see in the shed. But between the mill gate and the feeder there is a stage that is easy to forget: storage on the farm. In hot, humid conditions like those in much of Punjab, feed can lose part of its value in that short time without changing much in appearance. Why stored feed loses value Moisture. Moisture is the main enemy. Bags stacked on a damp floor or against a wall absorb water. Damp feed gives mould the...
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Introduction Poultry scientists have long discussed and debated how the energy values of feed ingredients should be expressed (Zuidhof 2019). Pesti (2024) suggested that it is time for a paradigm shift in the way feed ingredient nutrient contents are described, and labeled the new categories collectively the Armidale method (see Fig. 1 for examples). He also proposed expanding the net energy (NE) to NEATP, based on the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) system of...
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1. Introduction Grains are major ingredients for farm animals raised in integration production systems, which primarily contributes energy to the diet. One of the concerns when using grain ingredients in feed formulation is mycotoxin contamination [1]. Previous publications have suggested that about 70% of cereal based feeds are contaminated with at least one mycotoxin [2]. Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by different fungi and are defined as “natural...
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1. Introduction Mycotoxins are naturally occurring small-molecule secondary metabolites produced by certain mold species, primarily from Alternaria, Aspergillus, Claviceps, Fusarium, and Penicillium genera, among others [1]. The production of mycotoxins can occur globally in numerous crops and under a wide range of environmental and agronomic conditions, from field production through harvest, storage, and feed out. Some of the major factors affecting mycotoxin production...
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1. Introduction Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the main diseases of wheat, and the toxins produced by the fungus make it a feared problem. FHB is a very complex disease of wheat; many genetic and non genetic effectors modify disease response [1–4]. In the review, we concentrate on three important points that were not in the centrum of the research, therefore they were rather neglected in the past decades (problems in resistance evaluation, the resistance types, and...
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1. Introduction Nowadays, alternative protein sources are essential due to the future perspectives of increasing the world’s human population [1] and limited grain supplies after the COVID-19 crisis and the Russia–Ukraine war. Insects are valuable protein supplies for animal nutrition [2–4] because of their high nutritive value and the limited natural resources (water, land, and feed) required for insect growth [5–7]. The primary and most expensive...
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I. INTRODUCTION Wheat and sorghum are the most common feed grains for chicken-meat production in Australia. In two direct comparisons birds offered maize-based diets were better able to accommodate dietary crude protein (CP) reductions than wheat-based diets (Chrystal et al., 2021; Greenhalgh et al., 2022). One underlying reason for this difference appears to be the higher protein contents of wheat than maize and, similarly, wheat (n = 27) contained higher protein levels (115.5...
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1. Introduction FHB is one of the most destructive diseases affecting wheat. Heavy epidemics can cause very high yield losses in individual fields, and large regions can be devastated where not only is the yield reduced, but also the remaining yield suffers severe quality losses due to toxins [1–3]. Consequently, the toxin contamination may cause severe financial damage. Resistance to FHB is a complex phenomenon. “Fusarium head blight”, caused by different Fusarium...
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Smart Sensors for Grain and Forage Management
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1. Introduction Toxigenic fungi cause severe economic losses during maize production, and the preharvest or postharvest occurrence of all toxin limits must be measured. When in the field, the preharvest character dominates breeding in terms of resistance, fungicide protection, etc., and provides valuable information toward their control. As in Hungary A. flavus is a new problem of possible preharvest origin, it was the focus of this paper. However, near to no published data are known...
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1. Introduction Soybeans originated in East Asia and were domesticated from wild soybeans (Glycine soja) between 1700 and 1100 B.C. and are now grown worldwide [1]. However, soybean production and utilization were limited within or near its center of Origin (the Orient) for centuries. The first recorded use of soybeans in the U.S. was in 1765 in Savannah, GA. It is thought that Samuel Bowen, a former seaman of the East India Company, brought soybeans to the U.S. from China via...
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From Feed Formulation to Farm Reality: Closing the Nutrient Gap
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Introduction The increasing world population and the growing demand for animal-based foods are driving research towards alternative, sustainable and low-environmental impact protein sources for livestock feed. In this context, edible insects, in particular the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L., BSF), are increasingly recognised as a valuable alternative resource for animal nutrition due to their efficiency in nutrient conversion, rapid growth and ability to transform...
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I. INTRODUCTION Sustainability comprises three principal components: the environment (demand for resources and potential for environmental pollution), ethical issues (welfare of man and his animals), and economic robustness (FAO, 2012). At first glance, insect protein is a sustainable alternative to traditional protein sources such as soybean meal. Insect production requires less land, water and other resources than traditional protein sources, and they can be raised on...
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1. Introduction High-producing dairy cows have high nutrient requirements, commonly met by feeding concentrated feeds rich in nutrients that can be digested and absorbed as volatile fatty acids in the rumen or as glucose and amino acids in the small intestine. Starch and protein are essential for rumen microbial growth, and a synchronized release and digestion of these nutrients in the rumen can enhance microbial protein synthesis and thus amino acids absorbed in the small...
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1. Introduction Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most destructive diseases in wheat, causing yield losses and severe mycotoxin contamination and jeopardizing human and animal health. Global wheat production is about 800 million metric tons. Of this, about 25% (200 million metric tons) is contaminated with mycotoxins according to FAO estimates [1] and 80 million tons is of preharvest (field) origin [2]. Therefore, FHB control is crucial for both organic and conventional...
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1. Introduction Ear rots due to toxigenic fungi cause significant damage in maize. They cause losses in maize grain yield, and most of the damage is caused by the presence of mycotoxins. Some of these toxins have gained extra attention in recent years, as the warming of the climate—namely, warmer, and hotter vegetative seasons—is expected to increase the risk of contamination by fumonisins and (mostly) aflatoxins. Maize is one of the most-exposed crops to mycotoxins;...
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1. Introduction The maize is most exposed to toxigenic fungi compared to other cereals. The ear rots GER (Gibberella ear rot), FER (Fusarium ear rot), and AER (Aspergillus ear rot) that affect maize in Hungary have been recognized for decades [1–3]. Regarding GER and FER, the origin of these toxins has never been explored in the international and national literature, but aflatoxin has been investigated. Christensen and Kaufmann [4] classified it as a storage pathogen without...
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Smart Sensors for Grain and Forage Management
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Nelson Ruiz (Nelson Ruiz Nutrition, LLC) discusses the correlation between poultry amino acid digestibility, KOH protein solubility, and trypsin inhibitor activity in this Engormix interview at IPPE 2026 in Atlanta. ...
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Explore the pivotal role of amino acids derived from rendered products in aquaculture with Dr. Guoyao Wu, a University Distinguished Professor at Texas A&M University. As part of the International Rendering Symposium 2025, this session delves into sustainable practices that enhance fish nutrition and promote environmental stewardship.
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