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INTRODUCTION Finishing diets are composed of about 45% to 55% starch based on typical dietary corn inclusion (Samuelson et al., 2016). While the rumen is the primary site of starch digestion, it is highly dependent on grain source, processing method, and degree of grain processing (Owens et al., 1997). Steam flaking corn usually improves cattle performance due to an increase of starch digestibility compared with simpler processing methods like dry-rolling (Zinn...
1. Rumen protects dairy cows against mycotoxins… only partially Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites, produced by fungi, that can develop in grains and forages. The most well-known and probably the most feared type of mycotoxins in dairy production are...
Heat stress will cost the global dairy sector an estimated $5 billion a year in 2050 (Wankar et al., 2021).To reduce the costs for both the farmer and animal, a more integrated approach regarding production, health and welfare is needed. The key lies in prediction...
There is no question that the ongoing narrative concerning climate change and various “man-induced” gas emissions (including ammonia, carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide) includes dairy production. While many producers (and others involved in agriculture) may not agree with the significance or level of gas contributions of agriculture to the total production, that disagreement may be somewhat irrelevant. The discussion, social media uproar, political activism and...
Wasting nutrients is a waste of money. But feed losses also have a direct effect on animal health and performance and makes the diet less sustainable. This can be prevented by giving the rumen more care and attention. In a healthy working rumen, digestion is...
INTRODUCTION The importance of nutritional management for improving production and minimizing environmental impacts from beef and dairy cattle industry is well-established (McAllister et al., 1996; Havlík et al., 2014; Bach et al., 2020). Corn grain is the most commonly used cereal grain for dairy and beef production in the United States and its high starch content yields energy to support greater levels of milk and meat production (Giuberti et al., 2014)....
For the most part, most dairies include at least some supplemental or additive products in their feeding programs. We build diets starting with the forage base, using the best forages we can, and then add different feed and grain components to provide protein and energy.
Once the main nutrients are provided, it is then common to “fill in the holes” of the nutrient profile. Next, we often insert “tools” that are hopefully useful in improving animal performance,...
In this podcast sponsored by Balchem Animal Nutrition and Health experts discuss the reporting of fatty acid content in the feed and expand upon fatty acid digestion, and how those fatty acids affect milk fat.
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In this podcast sponsored by Balchem Animal Nutrition and Health the experts speak about the feed intake and carbohydrates sections in dairy cattle....
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“Don’t drink, don’t smoke, and take your multi-vitamin.” Any pregnant woman can tell you this is the advice they receive from the moment they know they are pregnant. Extensive research in humans and animals has confirmed the long-term impact of nutrition during gestation. Prenatal nutrition can permanently affect both tissues and organs, with life-long consequences to growth and health. Known as epigenetics, it’s the study of changes in gene function...
Chuck Schwab, Professor Emeritus University of New Hampshire, USA. speaks about the factors affecting the amino acid (AA) requirements of dairy cows: Protein digestion, metabolizable AA sources, absorbed AA functions, benefits of balancing for the most limiting AA, and more. Presentation at the 2020 Vision and Beyond Ruminant Nutrition Conference, organized by Adisseo...
Ruminant nutrition is highly sophisticated. Immense research and application efforts have culminated in great successes. Today, we can satisfy with a relative high precision the nutritional needs of high producing dairy cows. Highly efficient genetic selection and improvement in overall management has resulted in a national average of ca. 10,000 kg of milk per year in USA. The 2012 USDA annual report indicated an average of 9,842 kg milk produced in one year (or...
Introduction The nutritional management of young dairy calves can have both short- and long-term effects, from influencing morbidity and mortality rates (Urie et al., 2018a) to reproductive efficiency and first-lactation milk yield (Faber et al., 2005; Soberon et al., 2012; Gelsinger et al., 2015). Although major improvements in calf nutritional strategies have been made over the past decade, dairy calves continue to suffer from the highest rates of...
Choline has long been considered an essential nutrient and has an identified requirement in most species, including humans. Though most can synthesize choline endogenously, it cannot be produced in sufficient quantity to satisfy the body’s requirements and must be...
Background Reducing the rate at which ammonia is released from urea into the rumen may allow rumen bacteria to more effectively capture the nitrogen released. Slowing the rate of release of ammonia from urea can be accomplished by encapsulating it with lipids. NitroShure Precision Release Nitrogen uses Balchem’s proprietary encapsulation technology to provide a more consistent nitrogen supply to rumen microbes, maximizing microbial protein yield, improving...
1. Introduction In commercial dairy and beef production, a range of stresses are responsible for economic losses associated with the decreased productive and reproductive performance of cows. It has been shown that at the molecular level, nutritional, technological, environmental and internal stresses lead to the overproduction of free radicals, the disturbance of the redox balance, and oxidative stress [1,2]. It is well known that oxidative stress (an imbalance between free...
Introduction Dairy cows experience massive metabolic demands to support lactation. They adapt their metabolism to do so, including uncoupling of the somatotropic axis (Baumgard et al., 2017) with peripheral insulin resistance and increased lipolysis to fuel milk production. However, cows are challenged by a transient decrease in feed intake resulting in negative energy and protein balance in early lactation, and short-duration but substantial...
1. Introduction The use of tannin in ruminant nutrition is increasing, mainly due to its diverse positive effects in several aspects concerning physiology, metabolism, and animal performance. However, research results are quite controversial regarding the concentrations and sources used, which reinforces the need for further studies to elucidate these still evident gaps. According to Haslam and Lilley [1], tannins represent secondary compounds of plants and are present in...