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Poultry management
Poultry management usually refers to the husbandry practices or production techniques that help to maximize the efficiency of production. Sound management practices are very essential to optimize production. Scientific poultry management aims at maximizing returns with minimum investment. A carefully controlled environment that avoids crowding, chilling, overheating, or frightening is almost universal in poultry farming. Cannibalism, which expresses itself as toe picking, feather picking, and tail picking, is controlled by debeaking at one day of age and by other management practices. The feeding, watering, egg gathering, and cleaning operations are highly mechanized. Birds are usually housed in wire cages with two or three animals per cage, depending on the species and breed, and three or four tiers of cages superposed to save space. Cages for egg-laying birds have been found to increase production, lower mortality, reduce cannibalism, lower feeding requirements, reduce diseases and parasites, improve culling, and reduce both space and labour requirements.
In order to control the environment within a poultry house it is essential that a producer not only controls how much air is entering the house, but where it is entering. For instance, during cold weather essentially no air should enter a house when the fans are off. When the fans are operating, all the air should enter through the air inlets so it can be directed along the ceiling toward the center of the house to insure it is preconditioned by the warm air next...
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Introduction The chicken meat quality on the market is increasingly valued by consumers. The achievement of the physical integrity of animals during transport and slaughter is claimed by associations of animal welfare. Many authors have reported that the transport conditions and slaughter can lead to significant economic losses and negatively affect the sanitary quality of products (Gregory and Austin, 1992; Berri, 2002; Nunes, 2004). In poultry...
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Jonathan Cade comments on his new role as Chairman of the U.S. Poultry & Egg Association
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INTRODUCTION Following the collection of LCA energy data, research was undertaken to monitor and benchmark energy use at three separate meat chicken farms. Energy use was monitored at three grow-out farms (four sheds) in southern Queensland during 2011/12. The results of this monitoring showed that there is a large variation in both electrical and total energy use between farms and even between sheds on the...
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I´d like to know about measures to control flies at poultry farms... ...
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Water is considered an essential nutrient. While an animal can survive for a week or so without food, water deprivation can only be tolerated for a few days. Water is important for a variety of bodily functions that include but are not limited to nutrient transportation, body temperature regulation, lubrication of joints and organs, enzymatic/chemical processes including those related to feed digestion. A large number of factors can influencewater...
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INTRODUCTION The flies are not only nuisance to the health of the birds in the farm but also become annoyance not only to the workers of the farm but also to the people residing in the villages nearby the farms The manure accumulated in commercial caged-layer houses are the major source of attraction for the flies (Musca spp.). These flies act as a vector to various disease causing organisms and thus possess a great...
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Introduction Footpad dermatitis (FPD), also called footpad lesions or pododermatitis, is a major welfare concern in broiler chickens. Severe FPD is likely to be painful for the birds, and because of its association with litter quality it also reflects other welfare aspects (Haslam et al. , 2007).Wet litter is the most important factor causing FPD in broiler chickens (Shepherd et al. 2010). It can be...
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I need to know whether we have to strictly adhere to the standards of establishing a breeder farm (Open house) when establishing an environmentally controlled house?...
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Avian influenza virus (AIV) is RNA virus belongs to the family Orthomyxoviridae. In birds, there are 16 HA and 9 NA subtypes with possible combination of 144 HA-NA subtypes (e.g. H1N1, H5N1, H7N7, H9N2, etc.). According to their pathogenicity in chickens, only some strains of H5 and H7 subtypes are able to produce mass morbidity and mortality and thus are classified as highly pathogenic AIV (HPAIV). Meanwhile, other AIV subtypes including H5 and H7 are...
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The Poultry CRC is conducting a survey of free range poultry farms across the country. The survey results will underpin the commissioning of rational, evidence-based research projects to address the important scientific and commercial questions pertaining to free range operations. The survey team, led by Dr Mini Singh of The University of Sydney, will consist of researchers from numerous partners including the South Australian R&D Institute (SARDI), the...
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Mycotoxin Testing in the Feed Chain: A Risk Prevention Strategy for Raw Material Suppliers, Grain Storage Facilities and Processors, and Feed Manufacturers
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OBJECTIVE
The objective of this presentation should not be other than to raise a clear and through real life examples of the Latin American poultry farmer of the importance of each of your companies culture Biosecurity, which is capable of effectively counteract the health challenges which is subject to the current population of laying hens, always thinking that the egg has been, is and will be...
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The role of light in biological activities associated with avian growth and reproduction is very well known. Light quality can be defined by three criteria: 1) daily pattern of lightdark exposure; photoperiod, 2) light intensity (brightness), and 3) spectral composition (Andrews and Zimmerman, 1990). The role of light in avian reproduction Photoperiod: in birds...
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This fact sheet is constructed to be used by local municipalities for training or as an evaluation tool in the permitting process for allowing poultry keeping in population-dense settings. It also serves as a condensed review of basic poultry keeping practices. Backyard chicken keeping is increasing in popularity. There are many reasons for this. Perhaps it is to have a ready source of eggs and meat, or as a backyard help in...
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I am afraid I am going to make an eyebrow or two raise when I suggest that the concept of Brooding, as it is traditionally believed, should not be limited merely to the practice of providing heat, feed and water to day old chicks. The science of brooding comprises of a more holistic approach where every need of the day old chick is given it’ s due attention and respect and then, translated into a detailed and practical day to day...
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There are many factors that affect the overall quality of the egg shell, but before discussing these factors, it is important to know what makes up the structure of the egg shell. The egg shell consists of about 94 to 97% calcium carbonate. The other three percent is organic matter and egg shell pigment. There are also as many as 8,000 microscopic pores in the shell itself. The outer coating of the shell itself consists of a mucous coating called the cuticle or...
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The sublimation of a simple substance or of a chemical compound is its transition from a solid state to a gaseous state without passing through the liquid state. In modern language this term is also generically used to indicate the opposite process, where the term de-frosting or inverse sublimation would be more correct. At times, certain insects can be seen walking on water and as is known it is possible to make a metal clip...
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Jonathan Cade comments on his new role as Chairman of the U.S. Poultry & Egg Association
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Abstract Recent research has shown that over half of nitrogen excreted by chickens is lost into the atmosphere via ammonia volatilization before the litter is removed from poultry houses. Large quantities of particulate matter and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are also emitted from animal rearing facilities. During the past decade we have developed and patented an acid scrubber for capturing ammonia, VOCs and dust...
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There are many definitions of bio-security and in simple words we can define it as "keeping the birds away from the pathogens or keeping the pathogens away from the birds"
The word "Bio-security" is most preached word in the modern poultry and live- stock industries but unfortunately most of the time and in most parts of the world it is generally neglected or violated. Bio-security is most important for protection of...
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