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Poultry management
Poultry management usually refers to the husbandry practices or production techniques that help to maximize the efficiency of production. Sound management practices are very essential to optimize production. Scientific poultry management aims at maximizing returns with minimum investment. A carefully controlled environment that avoids crowding, chilling, overheating, or frightening is almost universal in poultry farming. Cannibalism, which expresses itself as toe picking, feather picking, and tail picking, is controlled by debeaking at one day of age and by other management practices. The feeding, watering, egg gathering, and cleaning operations are highly mechanized. Birds are usually housed in wire cages with two or three animals per cage, depending on the species and breed, and three or four tiers of cages superposed to save space. Cages for egg-laying birds have been found to increase production, lower mortality, reduce cannibalism, lower feeding requirements, reduce diseases and parasites, improve culling, and reduce both space and labour requirements.
Dear Users, This is an interesting forum from our Spanish community, generated by Marco Antonio Hurtado Orellana from Ecuador: I am a poultry farmer in a hot area in Ecuador, with temperatures of 36 degrees and relative humidity of about 90 at critical moments. My breeding density is 8 birds per square meter, and I use fans to move air in the shed. I have reference techniques, such as subjecting to high temperatures (38 degrees) in the first two days, or take vitamin C at...
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Many studies are carried out under perfect husbandry conditions within experimental research farms, i.e. individual housing or small pens with good access to feeding and drinking equipment (less competition for feed and water), climate controlled ventilation (no temperature stress or accumulation of ammonia) and clean cages with wire floors or good litter condition (less infectious challenge pressure from disease). However, field conditions are typified by a...
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The chicken meat quality on the market is increasingly valued by consumers. The achievement of the physical integrity of animals during transport and slaughter is claimed by associations of animal welfare. Many authors have reported that the transport conditions and slaughter can lead to significant economic losses and negatively affect the sanitary quality of products (Gregory, 1992; Berri, 2000; Nunes, 2004). In several species of poultry, there has been trauma...
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There are several reasons that can explain the fact that the majority of the weights are systematically inferior to the average weight of the flock. During a technical visit to a broiler farm the topic of uniformity is generally assessed visually and subjectively, as to do the job properly would require individual weighing of hundreds of broilers (in the absence of automatic weighers). The level of uniformity basically...
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ECAT, specialist in hatchery automation for poultry production, and CEVA Santé Animale announce the creation, as a partnership (50% ECAT – 50% CEVA), of a company dedicated to supply In Ovo Injection equipment, called “ECAT In Ovo”. “ECAT In Ovo” will produce, commercialise and service the In Ovo equipment “EGINJECT” produced by ECAT. This partnership will...
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I am an engineer. 20 years ago I set up a goal to create an ideal incubator. Having studied specialized literature on incubation, I came to the conclusion, that natural incubation conditions are ideal for the development of embryo, and I decided to make an experiment. For a period of three months I set broods and in parallel installed the incubator. In April, the ratio of hatching among broods was 9% higher than the incubator. In May, it was 5% higher, in June, when the temperature was over...
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ABSTRACT : The solid separation techniques indicate that it can promote a support in anaerobic biological process. This trial was realized in FCAV-UNESP, Jaboticabal, Brazil, in Rural Engineering Department. For this trial two tests were developed, using broiler litter water diluted and separated in a 3mm mesh screen: the treatments consisted in (1kg) broiler litter diluted in (2kg) of water, (1kg) broiler litter and (4kg) water, (1kg) broiler litter...
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Summary The quantity of reward in a Y-maze preference test refers to the period of time the animal is allowed contact with the chosen resource. Fifteen hens (Hy-Line Brown strain) were given eight preference test trials (conducted on alternate days) for their choice between dust (a tray of peat moss) or social contact (the presence of a familiar subordinate hen). The quantity of reward for social contact was 5 minutes for all birds. However, the...
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Antibiotic-resistant bacteria can persist in chicken manure that is intended for use as a fertilizer on farm fields.
Large piles of aging chicken manure to be used as fertilizer on farm crops can house bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics, finds a study from Johns Hopkins University.
The results raise concern that typical storage conditions may fail to keep the microbes from reaching people through contaminated food or...
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Although the major supply of eggs and poultry meat in the U.S. is produced by commercial producers, many people prefer to produce their own. A variety of reasons can be given for home production, not the least of which is the desire to care for and be around growing animals. Chickens can be raised in a small area and require a minimum of daily care. However, anyone considering small flock production must look at a variety of elements before arriving at a...
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In Arkansas, production agriculture is a $4 billion annual industry, three-fourths of which comes from livestock, mainly poultry (EPA, 1998). Modern production agriculture is increasingly regarded as a major source of air pollutants. The trend toward larger and more concentrated animal production coupled with the general public's increasing intolerance of odors mandates the control of odors, gases, and dust.
Types of...
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Poultry producers in the United States have to deal with numerous issues in the day to day operation of their facilities. One important issue is the disposal of their daily mortality. Several options are available to poultry producers, including: burial, incineration, rendering, and composting. Available options are becoming more restrictive with rising processing costs and continued concerns of environmental safety. The objective of this broiler tip is to inform readers of the viability of...
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Modern broilers grow at an extremely rapid rate and convert feed to meat with exceptional efficiency. However, this rapid growth rate and conversion efficiency have been associated with an increased susceptibility to heat stress. While a variety of genetic, nutritional, feeding and environmental strategies have been examined, much of the burden for dealing with the effects of heat falls to the producer and, in turn, the housing environment (Linn et al., 2006).
Evaporative pads,...
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Researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health found evidence that houseflies collected near broiler poultry operations may contribute to the dispersion of drug-resistant bacteria and thus increase the potential for human exposure to drug-resistant bacteria. The findings demonstrate another potential link between industrial food animal production and exposures to antibiotic resistant pathogens. Previous studies have linked antibiotic use in poultry...
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Management may be defined in a general term, as a scientific and judicious interplay in the appropriate allocations of production variables with possible alternate usage to achieve desired, futuristic objectives in an enterprise at a minimal cost implication. The simple expression of a futuristic expectation creates the inherent impression of risks and uncertainties that characterized project development especially in developing countries. Resources that needed to be efficiently...
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Hi Everyone I am working for a company which is planning to construct a new broiler breeding farm. We already have a broiler breeding farm and we have been using California type cage system (Open house) successfully for the past 10 years. In our research, we have found that battery cages (EC system) are being used for broiler breeders. Now, we are confused whether we need to move to the new system or use the regular California cages. I...
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The Delmarva Peninsula, flanking the eastern shore of the Chesapeake Bay, is home to some 600 million chickens. The resulting poultry manure and some of the chicken house bedding material is usually composted and then spread onto croplands as a fertilizer.
Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance ( 31 P NMR) and other methods of soil analysis have previously shown that two forms of phosphorus - orthophosphate and phytate (aka myo inositol hexa kis phosphate)...
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For the production of eggs and meat, highly specialised breeds of chicken are used. Because the male chicks of laying breeds neither lay eggs nor are they profitable as a source of meat, they are killed as day-old chicks. In the Netherlands, 30 million male chicks are killed at hatch, every year. The Animal Sciences Group in Lelystad, in collaboration with the Rathenau Institute and the Agricultural Economics Institute (LEI) have conducted research to find out what 'the public'...
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Ideal Litter Conditions Proper litter conditioning is an essential tool of good management for keeping flocks healthy and profitable. Conditioning litter between flocks addresses where the birds live, which is the most crucial aspect of the poultry house environment. Ideal litter is loose and free flowing (friable), not too dry or too wet (20-30 % moisture is ideal), low in ammonia (less than 20 parts per million), uniform particle size (no large clumps) and contains...
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Solid sidewall poultry housing has created a situation where lighting is now a major cost center. Loss of natural daylight means any light birds receive is now provided artificially with bulbs, which have an energy cost associated with them. Currently, incandescent, fluorescent, high pressure sodium, cold cathode and others lighting options are available to poultry producers but choosing the correct one can be difficult. Since April 2006, the Applied Broiler Research Farm (ABRF) has evaluated...
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