Sayed Abd El-Whab

In Egypt, highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.2.1 virus was introduced to poultry via migratory birds in late 2005 (1) and is now endemic among poultry in Egypt (2). Also in Egypt, the number of H5N1 infections in humans is the highest in the world, and low pathogenicity influenza A(H9N2) virus is widespread among poultry and has infected humans (2). Despite extensive vaccination, H5 ...

In previous articles, we overviewed different approaches for control of avian influenza in poultry including culling of infected birds, vaccination, the use of chemotherapeutics, the use of herbal antivirals and probiotics and avian cytokines and RNA-interference.  The host genetics play a pivotal role in susceptibility to influenza including the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus ...

In previous articles we overviewed different approaches for control of avian influenza in poultry including culling of infected birds, vaccination, the use of chemotherapeutics and the use of herbal antivirals and probiotics.  Avian Cytokines Chicken cytokines such as chicken interferon-alpha (ChIFN-α), chicken interleukins (ChIL) and Toll-like receptors (TLR) are essential compo ...

In previous articles we overviewed different approaches for control of avian influenza in poultry including culling of infected birds, vaccination and the use of chemotherapeutics. Herbal Antivirals Unlimited herbs products contain polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids or lignans, mostly from traditional Chinese medicine, offer promise as adjuncts or alternatives to the current anti-influenza ...

Historical background So far, the use of mass vaccination as an option for the control of avian influenza (AI) in poultry was not applied in the field until1995. During the outbreak of HPAI H5N2 in 1994-1995, Mexico applied large-scale vaccination campaign using inactivated homologous H5N2 vaccines [18, 31]. Also, Pakistan used inactivated H7N1 vaccines to control HPAI H7N1 outbreaks in 1995 [37- ...

In previous articles we overviewed culling of infected birds and vaccination as common intervention strategy against avian influenza in poultry. Introduction A virus is “a piece of bad news wrapped in a protein coat”. This description was described by Sir Peter Medawar (1915-1987), Noble Prize 1960, summarizing the structure of a virus as genome encodes protein. The genome ...

Avian influenza virus (AIV) is RNA virus belongs to the family Orthomyxoviridae. In birds, there are 16 HA and 9 NA subtypes with possible combination of 144 HA-NA subtypes (e.g. H1N1, H5N1, H7N7, H9N2, etc.). According to their pathogenicity in chickens, only some strains of H5 and H7 subtypes are able to produce mass morbidity and mortality and thus are classified as highly pathogenic AIV (HPAIV ...

1National Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, P.O. Box 246, Giza 12618, Egypt2Institute of Poultry Diseases, Free University of Berlin, Koenigsweg 63-14163, Berlin, Germany3Current address: Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich Loeffler Institute – Institute of Molecular Biology, Suedufer 10, Greifswald I ...