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Mycotoxins in poultry
Common mycotoxins associated with mycotoxicoses in poultry include aflatoxins, fumonisins, zearalenone, ochratoxins, and trichothecenes such as deoxynivalenol and T-2 toxins. Diagnosis requires detection and quantification of the specific mycotoxin. Treatment includes removal of the source of the mycotoxin and supportive care. Mold mitigation strategies can be used for prevention. Mycotoxicoses are diseases caused by the poisonous effects of the toxins produced by filamentous microfungi (ie, toxigenic molds). Hundreds of mycotoxins are known and can produce mild to severe toxic effects when they occur above levels of concern. The importance of mycotoxin problems in poultry is probably considerable yet difficult to measure. Chronic low levels of exposure to more than one type of mycotoxin appears to be a commonality, yet is less clinically evident.
1. Introduction Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a secondary metabolite of certain species of the Aspergillus and Penicillium genus [1]. The chemical structure of OTA consists of weak organic acids with a dihydroisocumarin moiety joined by a peptide bond to 1-phenylalanine [2]. There are three ochratoxin forms, designated as A, B and C, which have slight structural differences; however, ochratoxin A (OTA) is chlorinated and is the most toxic one [3]. OTA contamination in Europe in the year...
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Abstract To evaluate the impact of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin A (OTA) and their interactions on blood biochemicals and organ histopathology, dayold broiler chicks (n=288) were divided into 9 treatment groups (T1: control; T2: T1+150 ppb AFB1; T3: T1+300 ppb AFB1; T4: T1+150 ppb OTA; T5: T1+250 ppb OTA; T6: T1+150 ppb AFB1+150 ppb OTA; T7: T1+150 ppb AFB1+250 ppb OTA; T8: T1+300 ppb AFB1+150 ppb OTA; T9: T1+300 ppb AFB1+250 ppb OTA). Each diet was fed to 4 replicated groups...
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Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin that is receiving increasing attention worldwide because of the hazard it poses to animal and human health. This mycotoxin was isolated as metabolite of the fungus Aspergillus ochraceus from which the toxin acquired its name. However, ochratoxin production is not unique to Aspergillus ochraceus as additional several Aspergillus species and several Penicillium species produce ochratoxins. Ochratoxicosis causes a reduction in production performance, viz....
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Good day all, I'm Muhammed Jimoh Ibrahim a PhD research student from Ahmadu Bello University, Nigeria. Working on Aflatoxin residues in carcasses and eggs. Please a professional advise on the laboratory to perform my bench work. I am looking on performing HPLC, GC/MS and other sensitive test. Thank you. Your information and advise will be appreciated. ...
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Biotechnological Development and Application of Mycotoxin Degrading Enzymes in Livestock
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Abstract In order to establish the tolerance level of ochratoxin A (OTA) in broiler chickens, day-old broiler chicks (n=160) were divided into 4 treatment groups (T1- control; T2-T1+50 ppb OTA; T3-T1+100 ppb OTA; and T4-T1+150 ppb OTA). Each diet was fed to 4 replicated groups of 10 birds each from day-old to 42 days of age. During overall growth phase (0- 6 weeks), the average body weight gain (BWG) in T3 and T4 was lower (P<0.05) than T1, whereas, the BWG of T2 was...
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Manuel Contreras, Technical Manager of Veterinary Services at Special Nutrients, explains the results of the poster "Cellular immune response after vaccination with SG 9R in birds fed Aflatoxin and a mycotoxin adsorbent in the diet", during OVUM 2019 in Peru...
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Carlos Mallmann, Director of the Laboratory of Mycotoxicological Analysis, from the University of Santa Maria in Brazil (UFSM - Brasil), speaks about the technologies for predictions of mycotoxins in poultry, during a visit of a team of nutritionists from India belonging to Venky's, who toured the facilities of SAMITEC, PEGASUS and LAMIC, and the University of Santa Maria....
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1. Introduction Broiler chickens and pigs are highly exposed to mycotoxins due to their cereal based diet. These toxins are mainly produced by Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium fungal species. [1]. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most important aflatoxin with regards to potency and occurrence. Poultry are highly sensitive to the hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic effects of AFB1. At lower doses, reductions in growth rate, hatchability, feed efficiency, and immunity occur, which...
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1. Introduction The rapid growth in the meat sector has been underpinned by the rising demand of poultry meat, which has consistently increased about threefold the rate of population growth over each of the past five decades [1]. The presence of microscopic fungi affects the quality of feeds, their organoleptic attributes, and nutritional quality [2]. Moulds like other microorganisms will assimilate and utilize the most readily available nutrients in the materials they...
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Introduction The occurrence of mycotoxins in foods and feeds is a problem of major concern in all over the world. Profitability of poultry production can be greatly affected due to the frequency of feed contamination and the detrimental effects of these toxins on the performance (Hamilton, 1984). Aflatoxins, a group of closely related and biologically active mycotoxins, are produced by strains of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. They commonly occur as natural...
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Srinivasa Farms and Hy-Line: Pioneering Growth in India’s Poultry Market
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Introduction: Mycotoxins are a diverse group of toxic secondary metabolites produced by certain moulds when they grow on agricultural products. They do not belong to a single class of chemical compounds, and they differ in their toxicological effects. Although several hundred mycotoxins are known, the mycotoxins of most concern, based on their toxicity and occurrence, are aflatoxin, ochratoxin A, trichothecenes (DON, T-2 toxin, DAS, etc), zearalenone, fumonisin and...
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Abstract To evaluate the efficacy of Mycodetox B2 in alleviating aflatoxicosis, day-old quail chicks (n=225) were divided into five treatment groups (T1: control; T2: T1+400ppb aflatoxin B1 (AFB1); T3: T1+600ppb AFB1; T4: T2+Mycodetox B2; T5: T3+Mycodetox B2). Each diet was fed to three replicates of 15 birds each from 1 to 35 day of age. During overall growth (1-5 weeks), the body weight gain (BWG) of T1 was higher (P<0.05) than T2 and T3. The BWG in T2 was higher...
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At IPPE 2020, Markella Al Saifi -Innovation Team at Innovad- spoke to Engormix about the launching of Myco-Marker®: An innovative new service for evaluating the overall risk of mycotoxins and assessing their true impact on animal’s health....
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Steven He (Marketing Staff -Lachance) speaks about how to protect the liver in animals when is affected by mycotoxins using Runeon on Poultry, bile acids to decompose the mycotoxins, heavy metal and endotoxin deposit in liver, keep the health of liver and intestinal, during IPPE 2020...
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1. Introduction Mycotoxins are ubiquitous in nature and has been reported a natural contaminants of various feed or fodder throughout the world (Katole et al., 2013). Mycoxicosis, is characterized by its hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, immunosuppressive, carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic effects in animals and poultry (Patil et al., 2005, 2006, 2014, 2017a, b; Patial et al., 2013; Patil and Degloorkar, 2016a, b, 2018; Singh, 2019c, d, f; Singh et al., 2019a, b). Aflatoxicosis in...
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INTRODUCTION Many mycotoxins can cause serious health problems in poultry and their presence in feedstuffs may result in a serious economic losses. Aflatoxins belong to a group of mycotoxins produced as secondary metabolites by fungi of the Aspergillus genus, especially A. flavus, A. parasiticus and A. nomius (Kurtzman et al. 1987). Crops contaminated with aflatoxins are a worldwide problem and approximately 25% of world’s food supply is contaminated with mycotoxins...
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Amongst the most widespread mycotoxins, aflatoxins are of great concern in warm and humid climatic conditions like India (Singh et al. 2010). Aflatoxins include B1, B2, G1 and G2, and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most important toxic secondary metabolites, produced by 3 closely related species of Aspergillus; A. flavus, A. parasiticus and A. nomius in the feedstuffs. Avoidance of contaminated feed is rarely feasible and feeds that contain relatively low concentrations of AFB1 may have...
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Mycotoxins are a group of structurally diverse secondary metabolites of fungi that occur as contaminants of grains worldwide. Aspergillus, Alternaria, Claviceps, Fusarium and Penicillium species of fungi are ubiquitous in nature and under ideal conditions often infect economically important crops during storage, shipment and processing. Many secondary metabolites produced by these fungi can cause serious health problems in poultry and their presence in agricultural commodities may result in...
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