Dear Munawar Ali,

Congratulations for the article about Coccidiosis in poultry. It really demonstrates the importance of the water as same ingredient, many times forgotten.

Mathews

Dear friend,

I finished placing commentary of one another article published here.

But I want to give to the congratulations for the boarded form in this article in relation  Coccidiosis in poultry problem that affects as many farms and that, the times, well is not decided with the additive inclusion in the diets.

Mathews

Live vaccines can have problems with safety, short shelf-life and large-scale production therefore there is continued interest in devising new vaccines using defined recombinant antigens.

Problems also noted with strain-specific immunity therefore a cocktail of antigens from different coccidial strains may be required.

Improving our knowledge of the coccidial transmission routes, host-coccidia relationships, coccidial pathogenesis and determining the various roles of the host immune response being at times host-protective, coccidia protective and in causing immunopathology will help to tailor a vaccination strategy against a particular coccidiosis in poultry target.

Very informative article about coccidiosis in poultry with brief description of mechanism of action of both classes of anticoccidials, inophores and chemicals.

Thank you the coccidiosis in poultry is important diseses which is caused great financial losses to the poultry industry and now adays in my country the most one is acervullena

Best Regards

Dear Dr Amit Raj Gupta, Thank you for your informative article. Your correctly mention the problem concerning the survival of drug-resistant strains of coccidia. I’d like to notify readers of a feed additive which has interesting properties against this particular pathogen to the extent that in some countries it is being used as a method of effective control against coccidiosis.

Based on essential oils, Orego-Stim® is able to break the lifecycle of Eimeria, not just in one or a couple of species as is the case with some anticoccidiostats, but in all species of Eimeria due to its’ unique mode of action on all lengths of the gastro intestinal tract. Orego-Stim® is also able to counter secondary invading bacterial diseases such as Clostridium perfringens, the causative agent of necrotic enteritis.

The phenolic compounds present in the essential oils act on the enterocytes adjacent to the lumen of the intestinal tract by increasing the rate of turnover of these cells from 4-7 days to 2-4 days, consequently interupting the lifecyle of Eimeria species. The sporozoite-infected cells are shed before development of the merozoite stage, which prevents the main clinical signs of coccidiosis. Due to this unique mode of action, resistance is unable to develop and there is no withdrawl period because it is a 100[percent] natural product.

Orego-Stim® also encourages the build up of immunity against coccidiosis by allowing small amounts of oocysts to complete their lifecycle. This activates the Bursa-derived cell-mediated immunity, releasing macrophages, lymphocytes and natural killer cells to provide a longer-lasting immunity against this problematic disease.

THANKS FOR VERY CONSOLIDARED INFORMATION ABOUT COCCIDIOSIS IN POULTRY

Thank you for this excellent pedagogic presentation Coccidiosis in poultry is a disease that is cosmopolitan, causing economic losses. Only prevention can reduce morbidity and mortality (hygiene, coccidiostats, immunization). Vaccination is the best way to limit the infection, but it comes very expensive, especially for farmers in developing countries. Vaccination is not economical for broiler chickens, however it would be very useful for reproducer breedings and laying hens.

Nice article to understand the life cycle of coccidiosis and use of anicocidial,chemiclas & ionophores to solve the disease causing heavy loss to poultry.

Good article about coccidiosis in poultry. For use in our medicine.

Dear Dr. Haldar, It is an honour to receive your comment. Would highly appreciate if you can throw some light on some modern prophylactic concepts being used globally against Coccidiosis, particularly through feeder drinking water (other than ionophores/non- ionophores). This would really add to this article, and would be beneficial to all the readers.

Emma Rosie hi,
The coccidiosis can only be kept under control by effective anticoccidial programs (coccidioststs or vaccines) together with proper house management and service period. The oocysts from the litter (what you asked), unfortunately are very strong and resistant to most of the chemical solutions and disinfectants used. The only effective way to deal with the oocysts is proper mechanical cleaning of the floors, walls, feeders and drinkers. Also, if there are many cracks în the floor or walls, the oocysts will stay there very safe and well. You have to prevent massive shedding of the oocysts by taking all the measures I have mentioned. There is no single solution, only the combination of the above measures. Just remember, it's easier to prevent then to cure.

Emma Rosie, difficult to say what works best for your farm. I don't know in what country are you based, what type of poultry house do you have. In my country is common to use sodium hydroxide, some farms still use flambation(fire), I don't know the exact word in English. There are also many disinfectants available. And all the bedding is removed after each cycle of chicken and have new one for the new chicks. I don't think just boiling water will destroy the oocysts, they are very well equipped to survive to even some disinfectants.

Hi to all :
The ammonia is the only gas or fluid that can kill the coccidia oocyst, there is no any other disinfection to kill it. in every condition oocyst will remain in poultry house, hence the best way is to induce immunity by preventing drug in feed or by vaccination.
To decrease intensity of oocyst in litter mixing of quicklime with ammonium sulfate produces ammonia that kills the oocyst and reduces the coccidiosis oocyst in litter.
Using detergent for washing of cages, wall and roof of poultry house mechanically removes the oocysts from the house.

Zahed Abbasi I meant ammonia-based disinfectants. You are correct.

Satish Kumar Myriad of coccidia vaccines from different vaccines plants for different routes. All enabling cell mediated immunity. The eimeria species in your area should be your concerns while picking vaccines. . In West Africa for instance the prolific eimeria is tenella that causes caecal coccidiosis!!!