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Energy in poultry diets
While protein, vitamins and minerals are referred to as nutrients, energy -the 4th and most costly part of the diet- is not a nutrient but the property of energy yielding nutrients. Dietary nutrients that yield energy are protein, fat and carbohydrates. Dietary energy level is the main factor influencing feed intake, as birds will, under normal circumstances, eat to satisfy their energy needs. Therefore the dietary nutrients, protein vitamins and minerals should vary in relation to the dietary energy content of the diet, if they are not to become deficient, with low feed intakes, or overconsumed, with low energy diets. While there are a number of factors, such as level of protein, balance of essential amino acids and perhaps level of some of the other dietary nutrients, that can influence the cost of a diet, the level of dietary energy is usually the main factor influencing diet cost.
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Introduction The neonatal period is a time when the chick requires special management and nutrition Provide good environmental and nutritional conditions for day-old chicks are crucial for obtaining the full performance potential of the chicks later in life and maintaining profitable business for producers. The neonatal chicks remain approximately 24-48 h without feed and water after removal from the hatchery until placement in the farm. This gap between...
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Administration of yeast fraction reduces outcome of Salmonella Typhimurium challenge on broilers
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INTRODUCTION Several by-products are obtained during the processing of soy oil (SO) for human consumption, as well as through its transesterification required for biodiesel production. By-products from these processes are generally cheap and are sometimes used in poultry feeds and include lecithin (LEC), acidulated soy soapstock (ASS), and glycerol (GLY). Lecithin is removed by centrifuging crude soy oil, representing around 1.5 to 3.1 % of the original source (Overland et...
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INTRODUCTION Temperature is the most important environmental factor in animal production and directly affects animal responses. Domestic birds are homeotherm animals and therefore must expend energy to maintain body temperature, in order to have adequate biochemical, physiological and behavioral responses (Al-Saffar, 2002). At high temperatures, the feather coverage is one of the factors that impair dissipation of the...
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Introduction Wheat, maize and sorghum are the three most commonly used grains in the poultry industry worldwide (Liu et al., 2014). These cereal grains usually constitute a major proportion (60 - 70%) of the diet fed to broilers (Black et al., 2005). Although cereals represent a major source of energy for birds, there are wide variations in the energy and nutrient content of different species and cultivars of cereals (Choct & Hughes, 1999). Specifically, wheat is perceived...
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Guillermo Tellez (University of Arkansas) explained the benefits of using rye in the diet and discussed gut inflammation and changes in microbiome, during IPPE 2018 in Atlanta, USA....
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Introduction Poultry meat being a high quality animal protein source plays significant role in maintaining the health and nutrition of the people (Shahzad et al ., 2011). Along with broilers, 35.4 million spent birds (27.4 million layers and 8.0 million breeders) are also being used at the end of egg production cycle contributing more than 46,000 metric tones of poultry meat per annum in Pakistan (Anonymous, 2009; Mahmud et al .,...
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NTRODUCTION For efficient production of animal products, the right amount of nutritionally adequate feedstuff should be supplied to the animal. All dietary components, such as energy, amino acid (AA), vitamins, and minerals are important when formulating diets for swine and poultry, however more attention should be given to the dietary energy and AA, as these components account for major cost of swine and poultry diets. A deficiency of essential AA and energy results in a...
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INTRODUCTION The intestinal epithelium constitutes the largest and most important barrier against external environmental agents and has two critical functions: to prevent the entry of harmful intraluminal microorganisms, antigens, and toxins, and to enable the selective translocation of dietary nutrients and electrolytes into circulation (Salminen and Isolauri, 2006; Salzman, 2011; Elson and Cong, 2012). One of the basic...
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Introduction. The substitution of corn to sorghum, in addition to a lower price, has greater resistance to drought, which favors its cultivation in various regions with low rainfall (Fialho; Barbosa, 1997). Although rustic, sorghum loses to be less productive and the carotenoid deficiency in maize, an effect that may be corrected by inclusion of pigments in the diets of poultry (Oliveira et al., 2008). The aim of this study was to evaluate the...
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Current market review and perspective of Florfenicol, Tilmicocin, vitamins and aminoacids
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INTRODUCTION Acidulated soapstock is a fat source produced by the acidification of residues produced during the refining of vegetal oil for human consumption. Several types of soapstock have been used in broiler feeding, and are composed either of a unique source or blends of different fats. Soapstocks have high free fatty acid content. Acidulated Soybean Soapstock (ASS), for example, is composed by around 70% free fatty acids compared to less than 1% in soybean oil (Lipstein...
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1. Introduction Sorghum is a problematic feed grain for chicken-meat production which has been considered in two reviews (Selle et al., 2010; Liu et al., 2015). A distinctive feature of sorghum is kafirin, the dominant protein fraction. Kafirin classically makes up 55% of sorghum protein and is present as discrete protein bodies located in the sorghum endosperm with a central core of a-kafirin enveloped by peripheral...
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Introducing Afla-V ONE: Fast, precise aflatoxin detection for complete feeds and pet foods
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Dr. Vasil Pirgozliev, from Harper Adams University, gave a lecture during CLANA 2016, in Cancun, Mexico, where he explained how to improve efficiency of energy retention with phytonutrients in the diet. ...
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Ricardo Esquerra (Novus International)speaks about the profibability as affected by nutrients density and its economic model to calculate it. He also speaks about guidelines to optimize profitability when feeding HMTBA and says that broilers have a different dose-response when fed HTMBA vs DLM....
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Managers of broiler parent stock face the challenge of intense feed restriction (Renema et al., 2007) because of over 4-fold increases in body weight (BW) over the last 50 years (Zuidhof et al., 2014b). Body weight control is of primary importance for broiler hatching egg operators. Therefore, feed allocation decisions have become a major focus. How much should you feed the birds? It depends on their age, their BW, rate of gain, and level of production. How much...
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Guar meal (GM) is mostly used as a protein source in poultry diets. However it contains a broad range of galactomannan gum and some other anti-nutritional factors which decrease its metabolisable energy (ME) value. It is also showed that technique to measure metabolisable energy influences validity of results. In this regard, Sibbald (1987) showed that in comparison with the total collection method, the use of markers to determine ME...
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INTRODUCTION Following the collection of LCA energy data, research was undertaken to monitor and benchmark energy use at three separate meat chicken farms. Energy use was monitored at three grow-out farms (four sheds) in southern Queensland during 2011/12. The results of this monitoring showed that there is a large variation in both electrical and total energy use between farms and even between sheds on the...
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Mingan Choct, CEO of the Poultry CRC, Australia, speaks about energy systems that are being used for assesing the energy content of poultry feed ingredients. ...
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Administration of yeast fraction reduces outcome of Salmonella Typhimurium challenge on broilers
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Objective The aim of this paper is to model the use of energy in broiler farms and to use such model to estimate the energy costs of raising chicken in different parts of the world. The model would reveal the most effective locations for broiler rearing. Model The model has been developed using similar types of...
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The study investigated effect of protease (Cibenza DP100, Novus International Inc.) on growth performance and carcass traits of broilers as affected by dietary crude protein level. There were 6 treatments in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement with 3 levels of crude protein (LO, ME, HI) and 2 levels of protease (0 or 300 units/g). Diets were corn SBM based with starter diets (0–19 d) in crumbled form, and grower (19–35 d) and...
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