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Bacterial diseases in poultry
Bacterial diseases comprise approximately half of the non–outbreak-related mortality in broiler breeders and commercial layers. During the first week of a broiler's life, approximately 50% of the mortality may be caused due to bacterial infections. Outbreaks due to bacterial infections may increase the mortality dramatically and in some cases almost eradicate flocks. E. coli and Gram-positive cocci infections are responsible for mortality and production losses in poultry of all age groups and all production systems and may be regarded as multifactorial. Subsequently, efforts in understanding and controlling these infections are highly important. Although necrotic enteritis is primarily a disease affecting young chickens, this infection is of major significance in any production system. Besides increased mortality, the production losses observed in subclinical infections may be dramatic.
Swine dysentery (SD) caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae is a highly contagious disease of grower and finisher pigs. SD causes severe mucohemorrhagic diarrhea, resulting in decreased feed efficiency and increased morbidity. Necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by Clostridium perfringens is characterized by high mortality in poultry with bloody diarrhea, and sudden death. B. subtilis and B. licheniformis have been identified from the gastrointestinal tract of...
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INTRODUCTION Tight junctional complexes comprise a key component of the intestinal barrier by sealing the apical surfaces of adjacent epithelial cells. “Leaky” tight junctions provide paracellular portals through which pathogenic bacteria can cross the gastrointestinal epithelium and ultimately enter the systemic arterial circulation. This process of bacterial leakage across the intestinal epithelial barrier, known as bacterial translocation, can lead to the...
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Salmonella continues to be one of the bacteria that generates the greatest concern for the poultry sector. Not only because domestic poultry are carriers and vectors of Zoonotic Salmonella that cause toxiinfections (such as Salmonella enteritidis), but also because typhoid Salmonella (such as Salmonella Gallinarum) still exist in certain...
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The avian respiratory system has a unique structure that provides the birds the most efficient respiration among all terrestrial vertebrates. It is essential to allow flight, a highly energetic activity that requires a fast metabolism together with a remarkably effective oxygen supply. The...
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INTRODUCTION Inflammation is an important, highly conserved, innate immune system response. In birds, like in mammals, the inflammatory response is activated by various pathogen- or damage-associated molecular patterns through their interaction with cellular and soluble pattern-recognition receptors (Juul-Madsen et al., 2014; Kaspers and Kaiser, 2014; Abbas et al., 2018). For example, lipopolysaccharide (LPS; endotoxin), a cell wall component of gram-negative bacteria, is a...
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Chris Morrow (Bioproperties) commented about the problems that arise from mycoplasma infections in layer farms and explained the benefits of a live mycoplasma vaccination program, including costs and profits....
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INTRODUCTION Necrotic enteritis (NE), caused by Clostridium perfringens, is one of the most economically significant enteric diseases in poultry, resulting in an annual loss of approximately $6 billion to the global poultry industry (Wade and Keyburn, 2015). NE is manifested by lesions throughout the small intestine and associated with growth retardation, reduced feed efficiency, and up to 50% mortality (Shojadoost et al., 2012; Wade and Keyburn, 2015). NE is a...
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Highlights • A total of 5.5% (8/144) of the examined chicken samples were contaminated with MRSA. • Most MRSA isolates (75%, 6/8) harboured the staphylococcal enterotoxin B (seb) gene. • Ø MRSA isolates initiated SEB production in experimentally contaminated chicken livers within 24 h of storage at > 8 °C. •SEB was maximally produced at 24 °C when the MRSA counts reached 7.3x10 3 ± 1.2x10 3 CFU/g...
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Necrotic enteritis is the result of the overgrowth of Clostridium perfringens in the upper part of the intestines. Clostridum perfringens is a Gram-positive bacteria and forms spores that are extremely resistant to desiccation, heat, disinfectants, and UV radiation, and as a consequence, it is frequently present in poultry houses all around the world....
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This disease is going on all the farms. It has mortality a lot of birds. How can it be stopped?...
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Respiratory infections in domestic animals are a major issue for veterinary and livestock industry....
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What puzzle? – How to grow broilers and produce eggs without the routine use of antibiotics in poultry areas (with endemic mycoplasma challenge). For a long time antibiotics have been used in poultry and egg production but there is considerable consumer/regulatory pressure, price pressure and technical reasons why the administration of antibiotics on a routine basis needs to be phased out of these production systems. The development of resistance in...
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Necrotic enteritis is a major concern in poultry farms because of its association with decreased performance. After the ban of antibiotic growth promoters, a group of feed additives emerged as tools to fight necrotic enteritis....
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Introduction Clostridium septicum (CS) is a ubiquitous, spore-forming bacterium associated with spontaneous gas gangrene in both livestock and humans. The spores can persist in harsh environments, such as the gastrointestinal tract or tissue, and remain undetected for extended periods. When environmental conditions are appropriate for growth, the spores will germinate and proceed to proliferate. CS is capable of producing a variety of toxins. However, the alpha-toxin is the one...
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The new techniques developed for the diagnosis of Salmonellosis in poultry include a wide variety of systems and processes that have succeeded in accurately determining the species involved in Salmonella infections and differentiating between field strains and vaccine...
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Could someone explain the science behind acidifier use? ...
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Salmonellosis continues to be one of the most serious challenges in poultry farming. On the one hand, that which originates from strains causing poultry diseases and, above all, from those serotypes/serovars causing food-borne toxicosis (food...
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