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Bacterial diseases in poultry
Bacterial diseases comprise approximately half of the non–outbreak-related mortality in broiler breeders and commercial layers. During the first week of a broiler's life, approximately 50% of the mortality may be caused due to bacterial infections. Outbreaks due to bacterial infections may increase the mortality dramatically and in some cases almost eradicate flocks. E. coli and Gram-positive cocci infections are responsible for mortality and production losses in poultry of all age groups and all production systems and may be regarded as multifactorial. Subsequently, efforts in understanding and controlling these infections are highly important. Although necrotic enteritis is primarily a disease affecting young chickens, this infection is of major significance in any production system. Besides increased mortality, the production losses observed in subclinical infections may be dramatic.
For a long time antibiotics have been used in poultry and egg production but there is considerable consumer/regulatory pressure, price pressure and technical reasons why the administration of antibiotics on a routine basis needs to be phased out of these production systems. The development of resistance in target and non-target organisms is just one reason. For exporting companies we may see trade barriers erected to products that have been produced with antibiotics to prevent spread...
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Essential oils are concentrated hydrophobic liquids containing volatile aroma compounds from plants. They are usually obtained by distillation, extraction with liquid carbon dioxide or microwaving....
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Biosafety is a set of health measures established to prevent the entry and exit of pathogens that can endanger the health and welfare of farm animals, and therefore human health. Biosafety is even more important when we talk about zoonoses, such as Salmonella. We need to...
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1. Introduction Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) and Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) are the most important Mycoplasma species for commercial poultry in Mexico. For decades, these species have been recognized as the cause of chronic respiratory disease (CRD) [1–3]. In addition, they decrease the fertile egg production in broiler breeders, cause late-stage embryonic death, or result in the births of infected chicks that later develop CRD. This disease suppresses the innate...
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In many scientific publications, journals, articles, etc. reference is made to EUBIOSIS, but... What does this term refer to and why is it so important to be understood? Eubiosis is defined as the balance of the intestinal microbial ecosystem and is considered a fundamental concept in the field of human and animal health. The gut microbiota is a complex community of bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoa located throughout the intestinal tract. A gut microbiota in a eubiotic state is...
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Necrotic enteritis (NE) is a poultry disease of global concern mainly due to reduced growth, increased mortality, and increased veterinary and management costs associated with it (Wade and Keyburn, 2015). Clostridium perfringens , a spore-forming gram-positive bacterium, is considered to be the causative agent of NE in chickens. In the past, the common remedy to ameliorate the negative effects of NE was an addition of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in feed. However, with AGP...
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The emergence of fowl typhoid in poultry production systems in both meat and egg-producing birds has resulted in substantial losses for the poultry industry worldwide. The losses are not only due to the increase in the mortality of birds in different stages of life, but they...
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Swine dysentery (SD) caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae is a highly contagious disease of grower and finisher pigs. SD causes severe mucohemorrhagic diarrhea, resulting in decreased feed efficiency and increased morbidity. Necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by Clostridium perfringens is characterized by high mortality in poultry with bloody diarrhea, and sudden death. B. subtilis and B. licheniformis have been identified from the gastrointestinal tract of...
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INTRODUCTION Tight junctional complexes comprise a key component of the intestinal barrier by sealing the apical surfaces of adjacent epithelial cells. “Leaky” tight junctions provide paracellular portals through which pathogenic bacteria can cross the gastrointestinal epithelium and ultimately enter the systemic arterial circulation. This process of bacterial leakage across the intestinal epithelial barrier, known as bacterial translocation, can lead to the...
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Salmonella continues to be one of the bacteria that generates the greatest concern for the poultry sector. Not only because domestic poultry are carriers and vectors of Zoonotic Salmonella that cause toxiinfections (such as Salmonella enteritidis), but also because typhoid Salmonella (such as Salmonella Gallinarum) still exist in certain...
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The avian respiratory system has a unique structure that provides the birds the most efficient respiration among all terrestrial vertebrates. It is essential to allow flight, a highly energetic activity that requires a fast metabolism together with a remarkably effective oxygen supply. The...
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INTRODUCTION Inflammation is an important, highly conserved, innate immune system response. In birds, like in mammals, the inflammatory response is activated by various pathogen- or damage-associated molecular patterns through their interaction with cellular and soluble pattern-recognition receptors (Juul-Madsen et al., 2014; Kaspers and Kaiser, 2014; Abbas et al., 2018). For example, lipopolysaccharide (LPS; endotoxin), a cell wall component of gram-negative bacteria, is a...
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Chris Morrow (Bioproperties) commented about the problems that arise from mycoplasma infections in layer farms and explained the benefits of a live mycoplasma vaccination program, including costs and profits....
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INTRODUCTION Necrotic enteritis (NE), caused by Clostridium perfringens, is one of the most economically significant enteric diseases in poultry, resulting in an annual loss of approximately $6 billion to the global poultry industry (Wade and Keyburn, 2015). NE is manifested by lesions throughout the small intestine and associated with growth retardation, reduced feed efficiency, and up to 50% mortality (Shojadoost et al., 2012; Wade and Keyburn, 2015). NE is a...
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Highlights • A total of 5.5% (8/144) of the examined chicken samples were contaminated with MRSA. • Most MRSA isolates (75%, 6/8) harboured the staphylococcal enterotoxin B (seb) gene. • Ø MRSA isolates initiated SEB production in experimentally contaminated chicken livers within 24 h of storage at > 8 °C. •SEB was maximally produced at 24 °C when the MRSA counts reached 7.3x10 3 ± 1.2x10 3 CFU/g...
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Necrotic enteritis is the result of the overgrowth of Clostridium perfringens in the upper part of the intestines. Clostridum perfringens is a Gram-positive bacteria and forms spores that are extremely resistant to desiccation, heat, disinfectants, and UV radiation, and as a consequence, it is frequently present in poultry houses all around the world....
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This disease is going on all the farms. It has mortality a lot of birds. How can it be stopped?...
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Veterinarians are at the forefront of the emerging knowledge economy in the world.
Our ability to organize veterinary knowledge into Veterinary information and data to solve industry problems is the VALUE.
Respiratory infections in domestic animals are a major issue for veterinary and livestock industry....
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