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Antimicrobials in poultry
Antimicrobial agents are essential tools for treating and controlling bacterial infections in poultry production. Veterinarians have a huge responsibility when using antimicrobials in poultry producing meat and eggs for human consumption. The term ‘judicious use’ of antimicrobials implies the optimal selection of drug, dose and duration of antimicrobial treatment, along with a reduction in inappropriate and excessive use as a means of slowing the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The proper use of antimicrobials depends on the knowledge of interrelationships between bacteria, antimicrobial, host and consumer. The antimicrobial groups most commonly used in poultry are the betalactams, polypeptides, aminoglycosides and aminocyclitols, macrolides and lincosamides, florfenicol, tetracyclines, sulphonamides, quinolones and fluoroquinolones and ionophores.
Introduction Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), which is the ability of microorganisms to withstand attack by antimicrobial drugs, is a global health problem related to several factors, including bacterial genetics and the human, veterinary and agricultural usage of antibiotics (Marston et al., 2016). Among important antimicrobials, tetracycline, which is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial that acts against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (Marosevic et al., 2017), has been...
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1. Introduction A major challenge for public health is the increment in resistance to common antimicrobial compounds. Consequently, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is regarded as a priority, and the main goals of the World Health Organization (WHO) aim at containing this problem [1,2]. Microorganisms can develop resistance to antimicrobial agents. In bacteria, for instance, antibiotic resistance traits can arise from mutations in the genome [3], which can then be mobilized...
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1 Introduction By 2050, the world’s population is predicted to increase to 9.8 billion people, threatening food security and causing shifts in consumer purchasing patterns (1, 2). Animal-derived meat products are central to the current food supply, accounting for 40% of the agricultural production value and 13% of the calories consumed globally. Furthermore, based on consumer patterns meat consumption is predicted to increase by between 62% to 144% by 2050, with...
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INTRODUCTION The introduction of antibiotics has revolutionized medicine, providing effective treatment for infectious diseases that were once fatal and enabling modern medicine, such as surgery and organ transplantation. Widespread resistance development thwarts the effectiveness and lifespan of antibiotics, calling for the discovery of new drugs in the perpetual standoff against human pathogens. Most antibiotics used in the clinic originate from natural product scaffolds that...
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INTRODUCTION Novo29, a new antibiotic from a soil bacterium closely related to Eleftheria terrae, was recently reported. Novo29 is an eightresidue depsipeptide comprising a macrolactone ring and a linear tail. It is active against Gram-positive bacteria, including drug-resistant human pathogens, such as MRSA and VRE. Novo29 kills bacteria by inhibiting bacterial cell-wall synthesis, with no detectable resistance occurring upon serial passaging. Although the amino acid sequence of...
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INTRODUCTION The World Health Organization recognizes antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as a major health threat in the 21st century (1). A global projection predicts that the increase of deaths linked to AMR will develop from 700,000 in 2016 to 10 million deaths per year in 2050 while 100 trillion USD could be lost by 2050 (2). In this scenario, the use of antibiotics in food animal production is one of the most important issues contributing to the AMR crisis. In fact, over 50% of...
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1. Introduction Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the top 10 global threats to public health and is thought to be partly driven by the widespread use of antibiotics in food-producing animals (WHO, 2021). Globally, a greater proportion of the tonnage of all antibiotics sold are for use in food-producing animal sectors compared to for use in humans (Van Boeckel et al., 2017). In 2017, an estimated 93 million kilograms of active ingredient were sold worldwide for use in...
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INTRODUCTION Consumer preferences are leading to changes throughout the poultry industry (Northcutt and Jones, 2004; Fanatico et al., 2005; Meneses et al., 2017). From 2016 to 2017 the amount of organic poultry production has increased by 76%, holding a 2016 market share of $750 million (Philips, 2017). This is compared to an increase of the total organic agricultural farming market share which rose only 23% (Philips, 2017). This is partially influenced by consumers believing the...
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Jonathan Cade comments on his new role as Chairman of the U.S. Poultry & Egg Association
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INTRODUCTION Demand for poultry source foods is increasing, particularly in developing countries (1), and this is driven primarily by population growth (2, 3). To keep pace with the growing request for poultry products, farmers now use antibiotics at minute doses to reduce the incidence of enteric pathogens, improve feed conversion ratio (FCR) and body weight gain (BWG) in broiler chickens (4). Despite the significant economic benefit of AGPs in large-scale broiler production, their...
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In the United States, consumers have a lot of choice when it comes to food products. Various claims and labels on the products provide consumers with information...
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Sustainability and profitability in animal production: a necessary and possible balance
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I. Introduction The UK review of antimicrobial resistance presented now outdated 2014 data on AMR consequences for human life (O’Neill, 2016). They estimated that 700,000 people die every year from AMR, with concerning devastating effects on infant mortality. In India, 60,000 newborn babies die each year from antibiotic-resistant neonatal infections. This problem is more prominent in less developed countries but by no means restricted to them. In the US, there are more than two...
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Following the success of the Research Topic “Alternatives to Antimicrobial Growth Promoters and Their Impact in Gut Microbiota, Health, and Disease: Volume II,” we received an invitation from Frontiers to work on Volume II. This second volume includes 31 scientific articles, in the text of individual chapters in this Frontiers Research Topic. The editors are grateful to all 197 authors that contributed and participated in the achievement of Volume II. Homo sapiens reached...
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In CCRD, I used Timicosin+ Gentamycin+ Colistin bt can not obtain satisfactory result in deferent cases at age between 07-21 days. Mortality increase day by day. Can anybody give me proper line of treatment in this situation? ...
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INTRODUCTION Repercussions of Coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak (currently known as COVID-19) on future global health are still being investigated, including the pandemic’s potential effect on the emergence, and spread of global antimicrobial resistance (AMR) [3]. According to World Health Organization (WHO) data, AMR causes about 700,000 deaths annually, which has been estimated to increase reaching 10 million deaths worldwide by 2050 [24]. The post-COVID-19 study is expected...
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Overview of Performance of Listed Vitamin Companies in 2023
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Introduction Microorganisms constitute the largest fraction of biodiversity on Earth. Their functions are highly diverse, with fundamental roles to maintain chemical equilibria and cycles in their respective environments. It is, therefore, surprising that many humans consider all microorganisms as ”dangerous”, particularly when it comes to equating bacteria with pathogens (Musso et al., 2010; B¨ackhed, 2011). As another aspect, the prokaryotic bacteria that have...
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Introduction Infectious bronchitis, newcastle disease, infectious laryngotracheitis, avian influenza, and pneumovirus are the viruses that more frequently affect the respiratory tract of chickens. Because of the tendency to change its antigenic properties, viral diseases are predominantly present in most poultry producing areas of the world. New serotypes and variant strains of respiratory viruses are reported in several countries. Current commercially available vaccines do not...
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Additional research has shown that using DHP in single stage incubators can achieve the same level of microbial reduction on eggshells as pre-fogging eggs with formaldehyde prior to set. The next step in the research process, and thus the purpose of this experiment, was to directly compare dry hydrogen peroxide to the traditional method of using formaldehyde for microbial reduction. The trial is set in a commercial broiler hatchery, where DHP units were installed throughout the egg room,...
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Brian Jordan (University of Georgia) explains the evolution of his research on dry hydrogen peroxide and the latest results presented at IPPE 2023 in Atlanta, USA....
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Dr. Chris Morrow (BioProperties) discusses his recent work regarding Avian Mycoplasma, in this presentation for Engormix....
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