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Vitamins and minerals in dairy cattle nutrition
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Introduction Fatty liver occurs in approximately 50-60% of dairy cows at orshortly after calving2,3. It occurs because the cow mobilizes energy from adipose tissue in response to hormonal changes at calving and negative energy balance immediately after calving when the cow cannot consume enough energy to support maintenance and milk production. However, it can also occur anytime the cow experiences negative energy balance from other factors such as sickness, suboptimal...
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Background Providing adequate amounts of essential minerals is critical to maintain health and maximize productivity of dairy cows (NRC, 2001). Organic minerals can be described as nutritionally essential minerals attached to a carbon–hydrogen based molecule which acts as a ligand. Ligands that are used most frequently include amino acids, peptides and proteins. In particular, complexes where a mineral is bonded to amino acids with at least two bonds from each amino acid...
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We are sciencing the global food challenge - Because it's all about life | Evonik
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1. Introduction In commercial dairy and beef production, a range of stresses are responsible for economic losses associated with the decreased productive and reproductive performance of cows. It has been shown that at the molecular level, nutritional, technological, environmental and internal stresses lead to the overproduction of free radicals, the disturbance of the redox balance, and oxidative stress [1,2]. It is well known that oxidative stress (an imbalance between free...
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Introduction All living organisms depend on the continuous supply of available phosphorus (P) sources for a plethora of metabolic processes. Fertilizer and feed phosphates are obtained to a large extent from rock phosphate. This is a non-renewable resource, and the global distribution of rock phosphate reserves is not uniform. Concurrently, P accumulation in areas with high livestock production density may be harmful to the environment. Hence,...
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How to improve immune system in ruminants to fight against mastitis and reduce use of antibiotics in dairy industry - Guillaume Taubouret
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Animal feed organic trace minerals play a crucial role in a variety of cattle functions, including digestion, immunity, reproduction, and overall growth. Lack of nutrition in animal feed and concerns related to cattle health are driving the demand for sustainable animal feed. Organic trace minerals for cattle are considered superior to inorganic trace minerals as they provide enhanced gut absorption and bioavailability.
As per the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization...
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Introduction Dairy cows experience massive metabolic demands to support lactation. They adapt their metabolism to do so, including uncoupling of the somatotropic axis (Baumgard et al., 2017) with peripheral insulin resistance and increased lipolysis to fuel milk production. However, cows are challenged by a transient decrease in feed intake resulting in negative energy and protein balance in early lactation, and short-duration but substantial...
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Higher trace mineral cost and increasing concern over trace mineral excretion into the environment make this strategy even less attractive. Feeding KeyShure® can help overcome the effects of antagonists, thus supporting optimum performance and decreasing mineral excretion into the environment.
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Antagonisms are organisms and processes within the animal that negatively impact nutrient absorption, with the ability to impact animal protein production in a number of ways. Hear what Dr. Heather Tucker, Ruminant Nutrition Research Manager at Novus International, has to say about it and how to combat antagonism with Mintrex, a bis-chelated mineral...
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Effect of ReaShure® rumen-protected choline on performance, blood metabolites, and hepatic triacylglycerols of periparturient dairy cattle
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Introduction Historically, most nutritionists have given little consideration to the cost of vitamins A, D, and E. Cows needed them and even at high supplementation rates, cost per cow per day was reasonable. However, because of a fire at a chemical factory in late 2017, worldwide production of feed grade vitamin A has been reduced by more than 40%. Production of vitamin E has also been reduced because an intermediate that was produced at the factory with the fire cannot be...
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Introduction Economic impact of oxidative stress on the profitability of dairy cows and calves: In the most simplistic terms, the body (humans and animals) could be compared to a medium in which millions of chemical reactions take place with the support of food energy. These reactions are the basis of life without which life will cease to exist. Thus, the body could simply be called the fire of life because oxygen is one of the main substances required by humans and...
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We are sciencing the global food challenge - Because it's all about life | Evonik
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Pakistan is at number 4 th among the top milk producing countries of the world, with an annual milk production of over 33 billion liters. The milk produced within the Pakistan is due to increased number of animals, not due to high yield of milk on animal basis. Very low production on per animal basis is due to malnutrition in our dairy animals. Provision of balanced ration containing supplements / nutrients, vitamins and minerals is necessary for the growth and production of dairy...
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To meet the challenges of our growing population sustainably, livestock feeding practices need to be improved. Optimized protein supply plays a major role, which is where Mepron® from Evonik comes in. Learn more about how your farm can benefit from this important feed additive in this short video....
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How to improve immune system in ruminants to fight against mastitis and reduce use of antibiotics in dairy industry - Guillaume Taubouret
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Introduction Feeding high-producing cows continues to challenge dairy farmers and nutritionists. Also, dairy profit margins vary as milk prices and feed costs shift yearly. Feed costs represent the largest input cost to produce milk (estimated to be 35 to 50 percent). Feed additives are a group of feed ingredients that can cause a desired animal response in a non-nutrient role, such as pH shift, growth,...
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Introduction A number of micronutrients have been shown to affect various aspects of immunity in cattle. The interactions between nutritional status, immunology and disease resistance are extremely complex. Insufficient contents of micronutrients in animal diets have been related with low disease resistance and decreased disease resistance. A balanced supply of micronutrients, such as vitamins E, β-...
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To optimize the growth and production of animals, we have long realized good nutrition is key. Trace mineral supplementation has been simplified to strictly meeting the parts-per-million requirements set out in the nutrient requirement tables, with little attention given to the form in which the mineral is provided. Recently, there has been more interest and research on the influence trace minerals have on the immune system, with specific interest given to...
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In 1817, selenium (Se) was isolated for the first time by Berzelius. At that time little was known about its biological function, until its nutritional requirement was revealed about 140 years later by Schwarz and Foltz in 1957...
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Effect of ReaShure® rumen-protected choline on performance, blood metabolites, and hepatic triacylglycerols of periparturient dairy cattle
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Key information Mepron® is a dust free mini pellet (1.8 * 3mm) with a very high degree of durability and low humidity with min. 85 % content of DL-methionine in a rumen protected form. Its specific gravity (1.2 kg/L), bulk density (650 kg/m 3 ) and angle of repose (21°) assure excellent flow and conveying properties. Using conventional mixing techniques, the product can be mixed with many types of feed ingredients quickly (2.5 min)...
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Erin Horst (Iowa State University) discussed leaky gut in lactating Holstein cows and the consequences of feed restriction, as well as the effect of dietary zinc hydroxychloride, during the 8th Symposium on Gut Health in Production of Food Animals in St. Louis, USA....
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We are sciencing the global food challenge - Because it's all about life | Evonik
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Introduction Proper sampling of ration ingredients and submitting those samples for nutrient analysis to a good lab are essential components of diet formulation. The relative importance of sampling, analytical, and real variation on overall variation in nutrient composition data of ingredients has been discussed at previous conferences (Weiss et al., 2012; Weiss et al., 2014). Sampling variation was an equal or greater source of variation than was real month-to-month...
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Introduction There is increasing pressure at federal, state and local levels about nutrient waste and pollution relative to N, P, CH4 and CO2 discharges from the animal industry. Large animal operations have come under more intense scrutiny than small animal operations, with CAFO regulations being put in place. This has put increasing pressure on producers and us as nutritionists to provide some of the...
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