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Vitamins and minerals in dairy cattle nutrition
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Choline is essentially a required nutrient for all dairy cows, with proven benefits on metabolic health, milk production, colostrum yield, and calf vitality. It offers a proven solution to help cows transition smoothly and boost productivity. Discover how this innovation benefits both herds and profitability. Choline has...
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Introduction Trace minerals exist in cells and tissues of the body in a variety of chemical combinations and characteristic concentrations, depending on the trace mineral consumed and the tissue in which the trace mineral is metabolized (McDowell, 1992; Underwood and Suttle, 1999). Concentrations of trace minerals must be maintained within narrow limits in a cell (McDowell, 1989, 1992; Underwood and Suttle, 1999). Trace mineral deficiencies, toxicities, and imbalances require the...
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Introduction Animal production faces serious challenges, having to feed a growing population while dealing with increased competition for land, climate change and having to take a more sustainable approach. Sustainable agriculture requires us to meet society’s present needs without compromising the ability for current, or future generations, to meet their needs. The effectiveness by which an animal is capable to transform feed biomass into animal products determines the amount...
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In this conversation with Dr. Ryan Ordway from Balchem, we dive into how dairy farmers can manage the transition period without relying on Kextone. The key? Preventing ketosis through proper nutrition and management. ...
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Evonik recently hosted THE SCIENCING EVENT, bringing together more than 100 valued customers and industry experts during the highly anticipated VIV Asia 2025 in Bangkok, Thailand. The event served as a dynamic platform for sharing cutting-edge scientific insights and exploring the latest innovations that are shaping the industry.
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About the Company: Established in 1980 and is one of the largest manufacturer and exporters of Amino Acids & Amino Acids based products for use in the field of Nutraceuticals, Agriculture, Veterinary, Poultry & Aquaculture. Located around 35 KM from a...
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Mepron® - The best Methionine source for ruminants shows excellent handling properties
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Dr. Ryan Ordway from Balchem talks about the benefits of ReaShure-XC, a powerful nutritional solution that ensures adequate choline intake for animals. By providing sufficient choline, this product promotes a healthy liver, supports mammary gland energy for milk production, and boosts colostrum quality....
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Multiple EAA drive milk protein production in dairy cows, including His, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, and Thr. Therefore, determining bioavailability of rumen-protected AA (RPAA) is essential for optimal EAA supply. We aimed to evaluate bioavailability of lipid-encapsulated prototypes of His, Ile, Lys, Met, and Thr and an isopropyl ester of 2-hydroxy-4- (methylthio) butanoic acid (HMBi). Six Holstein heifers (518 ± 28 kg BW) were allocated in a 6 × 8 Youden square design, with 8 periods...
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With the recent withdrawal of Kexxtone from the European market, dairy farmers are seeking new solutions for managing the challenging transition period of dairy cows. ReaShure®-XC Precision Release Choline and NiaShure™ Precision Release Niacin offer an innovative and comprehensive approach to improving cow health, increasing milk production, and promoting calf health and productivity. Both products can help support transition cow health, resulting in a significant return on...
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Chel means CLAW in Greek. The Mineral needs a support to CLAW itself. This support is provided by Amino Acids and this organic support is called LIGAND in chemistry. Amino Acids have a very low molecular weight and can be absorbed easily through the walls of the intestine and hence are most preferred ligands for chelation. ...
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Dairy cows are often thought of as metabolic super athletes, requiring hard work and a herculean effort to achieve high milk production. In reality, it’s just the opposite. Productivity is an expression of health and vitality, not a result of the cow working under stress. Put a cow in a healthy environment, provide adequate nutrition and they’ll fully express their genetic potential in the form of exceptional milk production. Instead of involving hard...
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Dr. José Santos from the University of Florida discusses the essential role of choline in dairy nutrition during the conference titled "Choline: A Required Nutrient (Part II)." This content is brought to you by Balchem...
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Mepron® - The best Methionine source for ruminants shows excellent handling properties
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Dry period heat stress significantly reduces milk yield in the subsequent lactation in cows. Altered methylation patterns in mammary tissues is associated with the decline in milk yield. We hypothesized that as a methyl donor, choline (RPC) supplementation reverses similar patterns of methylation and thus productivity in heat-stressed dams. Late-gestation Holstein cows (n = 51) housed in freestall barns were enrolled to either heat stress (HT, n = 12), HT with RPC (HTC, n = 11), cooling (CL,...
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Our objective was to evaluate changes in choline metabolism including bacterial degradation to trimethylamine (TMA), methyl group transfer, and bioavailability in pregnant and lactating cows. Six multiparous, rumen-cannulated Holstein cows were enrolled in a study design where they were abomasally infused 18 g/d choline chloride (CC; dissolved in water; 170 mL/h) for a 5-d experimental period at −3 wk from expected due date and again at 2 wk postpartum. The stable-isotope...
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Current approaches to study choline bioavailability do not account for the ruminal or postruminal bacterial degradation of choline to trimethylamine (TMA) and TMA N-oxide (TMAO). To evaluate choline bioavailability, 8 multiparous Holstein cows (184 ± 109 d in milk) were enrolled in a study with a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Treatments were (1) 0 g/d of supplemental choline chloride (CTR), (2) 16.8 g/d of unprotected choline chloride (CC) delivered as a continuous ruminal infusion...
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The discovery of choline dates back to 1850s when French pharmacist, Théodore Gobley discovered a group of phospholipids that he named lecithin. Seventy years later, during the discovery of insulin by Frederick Banting, his student Charles Best noticed that depancreatized dogs developed hepatic lipidosis. Subsequently in the early 1930s, Best showed that supplementing lecithin reversed and prevented hepatic lipidosis in dogs and rats. It took another 67 years for dietary choline to be...
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A technique has been established to determine the TMR stability of rumen-protected (RP)-lysine products, but the TMR stability of RPcholine (RPC) products has not yet been explored. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the TMR stability of 5 RPC products using a modified technique. Triplicate Ziploc bags containing RPC (equivalent of 1 g of choline chloride [CC]), no RPC (negative control), or unprotected CC (positive control; 1 g of CC) mixed with 200 g of TMR (38% DM) were...
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Amino acids (AA) undergo complex metabolism for protein synthesis or excretion after oxidation. We investigated the fate of metabolizable Lys via continuous abomasal infusion of 15 N-Lys. Four rumen-cannulated Holstein cows (147.0 ± 63.2 d in milk, 49.4 ± 9.5 kg milk yield) received 0.6 g/d of 15 N-Lys into the abomasum for 5 d. Cows were offered a common diet (16.6% crude protein; 89% of metabolizable Lys requirement) once daily for an ad libitum intake....
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Mepron® - The best Methionine source for ruminants shows excellent handling properties
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Choline supplementation is known to modify hepatic lipid metabolism in the dairy cow, but little is known about its effect on mammary lipid metabolism. The objective of this study was to characterize the effect of increasing doses of abomasally infused choline on milk production and milk lipids using untargeted lipomics. A total of 12 ruminally cannulated Holstein cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with 7-d experimental and 7-d rest periods. All cows were fed a common TMR...
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Choline is a methyl donor, which may influence DNA methylation, gene expression, and cellular processes. Past studies have found an increase in milk yield when periparturient dairy cows were supplemented with dietary rumen-protected choline (RPC); however, the mechanism behind this response is unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the effects of dietary RPC supplementation on mammary epigenome-wide DNA methylation. Parous Holstein cows were blocked by calving month...
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