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Vitamins and minerals in dairy cattle nutrition
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Current approaches to study choline bioavailability do not account for the ruminal or postruminal bacterial degradation of choline to trimethylamine (TMA) and TMA N-oxide (TMAO). To evaluate choline bioavailability, 8 multiparous Holstein cows (184 ± 109 d in milk) were enrolled in a study with a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Treatments were (1) 0 g/d of supplemental choline chloride (CTR), (2) 16.8 g/d of unprotected choline chloride (CC) delivered as a continuous ruminal infusion...
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The discovery of choline dates back to 1850s when French pharmacist, Théodore Gobley discovered a group of phospholipids that he named lecithin. Seventy years later, during the discovery of insulin by Frederick Banting, his student Charles Best noticed that depancreatized dogs developed hepatic lipidosis. Subsequently in the early 1930s, Best showed that supplementing lecithin reversed and prevented hepatic lipidosis in dogs and rats. It took another 67 years for dietary choline to be...
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A technique has been established to determine the TMR stability of rumen-protected (RP)-lysine products, but the TMR stability of RPcholine (RPC) products has not yet been explored. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the TMR stability of 5 RPC products using a modified technique. Triplicate Ziploc bags containing RPC (equivalent of 1 g of choline chloride [CC]), no RPC (negative control), or unprotected CC (positive control; 1 g of CC) mixed with 200 g of TMR (38% DM) were...
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Amino acids (AA) undergo complex metabolism for protein synthesis or excretion after oxidation. We investigated the fate of metabolizable Lys via continuous abomasal infusion of 15 N-Lys. Four rumen-cannulated Holstein cows (147.0 ± 63.2 d in milk, 49.4 ± 9.5 kg milk yield) received 0.6 g/d of 15 N-Lys into the abomasum for 5 d. Cows were offered a common diet (16.6% crude protein; 89% of metabolizable Lys requirement) once daily for an ad libitum intake....
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Choline supplementation is known to modify hepatic lipid metabolism in the dairy cow, but little is known about its effect on mammary lipid metabolism. The objective of this study was to characterize the effect of increasing doses of abomasally infused choline on milk production and milk lipids using untargeted lipomics. A total of 12 ruminally cannulated Holstein cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with 7-d experimental and 7-d rest periods. All cows were fed a common TMR...
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Choline is a methyl donor, which may influence DNA methylation, gene expression, and cellular processes. Past studies have found an increase in milk yield when periparturient dairy cows were supplemented with dietary rumen-protected choline (RPC); however, the mechanism behind this response is unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the effects of dietary RPC supplementation on mammary epigenome-wide DNA methylation. Parous Holstein cows were blocked by calving month...
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The impact of heat stress on dairy cattle can be devastating to milk and component production. In this webinar, Dr. Baumgard explores the metabolic and endocrine consequences of heat stress in both growing and lactating animals....
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Dr. José Santos (University of Florida) showed the results of some experimental designs using choline in dairy cows, during the conference titled "Choline: A Required Nutrient (Part III)." This content is brought to you by Balchem...
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Dr. José Santos (University of Florida) gives his conclusions of the conference "Choline: A Required Nutrient (Part IV)." This content is brought to you by Balchem...
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Dr. José Santos (University of Florida) summarizes the history of choline, during the conference titled "Choline: A Required Nutrient (Part I)." This content is brought to you by Balchem...
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This new science changes everything we thought we knew about choline’s impact on the cow and her calf. ReaShure® Precision Release Choline is the original and most researched rumen-protected choline source, so you can be sure you’re getting the benefits you expect. ...
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Traditionally, milk fever prevention programs have attempted to directly alter Ca status of dairy cows at calving. Common approaches include feeding pre-fresh dairy cows diets containing anionic salts, restricting dietary Ca, feeding hyper-dietary Ca and administering Ca boluses. There is an abundance of research in regard to the mechanisms associated with dietary Ca alteration, dietary cation-anion difference as related to parathyroid hormone and vitamin D and the role they play in the...
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The quality of the transition period is decisive for the success of the subsequent lactation cycle. Cows with a poorer transition produce less milk, take longer to become pregnant, and are more likely to lose pregnancy and to be culled from the herd, causing substantial economic losses. Investments in infrastructure, personnel, and nutrition focused on prevention and treatment of postpartum health problems, when effective, often result in an excellent return of investment because it...
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radley "Scott" Sorrell, Director of Global Marketing at Balchem Corporation, explores the importance of choline for animal health and the significant impact of Balchem's research in this area. Learn how Balchem's dedication to advancing choline supplementation has positively influenced animal health and productivity, revolutionizing the agricultural industry's approach to nutrition and welfare....
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Dr. Dirk Hoehler, SVP Essential Nutrition at Evonik, provides more details on Evonik’s backward integration of their DL-Methionine plant and their global methionine production network...
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These attributes make prilled urea the preferred option for livestock • Has typically a uniform size and a smooth surface. • Is often used in animal feed formulations due to its ease of handling. • Dissolves relatively quickly in water, making it readily available as a source of nitrogen for livestock. "Our certification is your peace of mind"...
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Dairy cows are truly remarkable creatures. Consider the rapid transformation of a modern Holstein cow, going from zero to producing as many as 50 kilograms of energy-corrected milk per day in just 3 to 4 weeks of lactation. Such incredible production demands dynamic and integrated adaptations in multiple tissues to cope with...
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Dr. Mubarak Ali from Evonik Animal Nutrition shares his insights on how to achieve sustainability by balancing rations for amino acids in dairy farming...
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We are back at the Real Science Exchange and invite you to pull up a chair and join us to discuss the effects of heat stress on late gestation cows. Dr. Geoff Dahl with the University of Florida and Dr. Jimena Laporta with the University of Wisconsin-Madison, join Scott Sorrell and Dr. Clay Zimmerman. ...
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