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Vitamins in poultry nutrition
Vitamins are a group of organic compounds that poultry require in small quantities. Despite the low requirement levels, vitamins are essential for normal body functions, growth, and reproduction. A deficiency of one or more vitamins can lead to a number of diseases or syndromes. Vitamins are divided into two categories: fat-soluble and water-soluble. The fat-soluble vitamins are A, D, E, and K. Vitamin A is required for normal growth and development of epithelial tissue (skin and the linings of the digestive, reproductive, and respiratory tracts) and reproduction. Vitamin D3 is required for normal growth, bone development, and eggshell formation. Vitamin K is essential for blood clot formation. The water-soluble vitamins include vitamin C and the B vitamins. The B vitamins include vitamin B12, biotin, folacin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, riboflavin, and thiamin. The B vitamins are involved in many metabolic functions, including energy metabolism. Poultry can make vitamin C, so there is no dietary requirement established for this vitamin. Vitamin C supplementation is useful when birds are in stress.
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In healthy humans and animals, protection against the harmful effects of free radicals is achieved through maintaining a delicate equilibrium between the production of free radicals, that are needed for certain physiological processes, and their destruction through the antioxidant defense system. This equilibrium is called “the redox balance”....
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In recent weeks, the problem of the availability of raw materials has been accentuated, their high cost and uncertainty of supply have made several professionals in the sector rethink their usual way of working. Of course, there are some difficult months ahead, also...
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The importance of vitamin nutrition in poultry feeding has been recognized for decades, yet precise vitamin requirements for modern, high producing have not been investigated. Because of their low inclusion rates, vitamins have a relatively small impact on the cost of feed. Many vitamins lose activity over time or under high-temperature feed processing. Vitamins, especially the water-soluble vitamins, are tolerated at many times the established minimum recommended levels. Finally, the...
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Bird performs well within a certain range of environmental temperatures. As the temperature gets higher than the range, the bird falls on stress generally called heat stress. Heat stress is the most significant stressors influencing poultry productivity and causing considerable economic losses in the poultry industry. This induces several negative effects on physiological response of bird. Reducing feed consumption, body weight gain, feed efficiency, egg production and immune response are of...
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The strict control of the successive outbreaks throughout the country resulted in the people staying home, the closure of roads and the suspension of production, and it had a negative hit on both supply and demand in the economic sphere, even though such severe control was not scientifically reasonable or necessary for the Omicron epidemic.
The domestic APIs market is currently maintaining weak. On the supply side, the overall market supply is not short while the production costs...
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APIs MARKET At present, China APIs market remains weak, with the majority of wait-and-see. In terms of supply, although the production load of the factory is declining and the production cost is relatively high, the overall market supply is sufficient. In terms of demand, the market for mid-and downstream breeding enterprises is sluggish after the Chinese New Year holiday. On the whole, most mid-and upstream manufacturers have a certain degree of inventory pressure, and...
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Introduction: Due to the constant genetic evolution in both the production of broilers, nutritionists must constantly adapt their nutritional recommendations and feeding programs to maximize economic results at all times. These management and nutrition decisions must take into account: the animal (potential for growth), environmental conditions and the composition of the feed, which affect feed consumption and, consequently, the performance of birds. And economic...
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INTRODUCTION The rapid growth of modern broilers in a relatively short period of time requires a parallel increase in the size or capacity of supply organs, such as those of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. However, due to the slower development of these organs relative to body growth rate, the capacity to balance body energy is compromised, particularly under extreme environment conditions, such as cold stress (Shahir et al., 2012; Shinder, 2002). Cold...
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The statutory Spring Festival holiday of 2022 is from January 31 to February 7. Positive cases were reported from time to time across the country. In particular, the Omicron variant strain does not have an apparent symptom and spreads rapidly. Many county-level governments adopt excessive pandemic prevention policies. This forces migrant workers to return to their hometowns ahead of schedule, resulting in the disruption of the everyday activities of production and logistics enterprises...
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a yeast extract supplemented in feed and a vitamins-aminoacids compound in the drinking water on the performance and microbiology count of broiler chickens. A 42- day experiment was carried out and replicated twice in time at Universidad ISA. In each experiment, 240 straight run day-old chicks were randomly distributed in 4 treatments of a Completely Randomized Design with a factorial arrangement. The 4 treatments were from the combination...
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INTRODUCTION Vitamin D is a group of closely related compounds that have antirachitic activity. It has been estimated that nearly 50% of the United States population is at risk for vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency (Holick et al., 2011). Vitamin D 3 (D 3 ) deficiency can cause rickets in young children or increase the risk of osteoporosis and osteomalacia in adults (Holick, 2005). One approach to increase D 3 intake in a population without...
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Choline- chemically known as 2-hydroxyethyl-trimethyl ammonium hydroxide andis referred as vitamin B4. It has recently been claimed as a rediscovered vitamin & performance promoter in poultry. The role of choline in the prevention of conditions suchas perosis and liver enlargement in chicks is already well known. Choline wasfirst isolated from ox bile ("chole" in Greek) in 1849. Its nutritional importancehas been recognized since 1930 and it is now a common dietary supplement forlivestock &...
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INTRODUCTION In poultry, phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient in metabolic processes and a component of nucleic acids, membrane phospholipids, and bones (Nie et al., 2013). Much effort has been made to increase P absorption in poultry to improve metabolic performance and reduce the environmental impact of phosphate (Pi) release from manure (Ahmadi and Rodehutscord, 2012; Letourneau-Montminy et al., 2013). Dietary P is absorbed in the small intestine by both passive and...
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Possible condition is deficiency of TM and Vitamins. Possibly Mn deficiency. Corrected this by supplimenting the TM in feed and Vit. Mix in water...
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This newsletter provides an overview of the anatomy of the keel bone, risk factors and welfare implications associated with keel fractures, how to assess keel bone integrity, and management strategies to mitigate keel fractures in laying hens. ...
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Sometimes chicken flocks resulted in less livability and body weight at seven days of age than other ones without knowing the reason. Besides, this reduced performance at an early age has a carryover effect until the market age. What was the cause? Probably, the lower broiler performance is mostly related to the quality of the chicks that arrive at the farms. Indeed, the broiler breeders, incubation process, or in-ovo feeding impact on chick quality. The eggshell temperature, brooding...
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Maven of diversified fields including Steve Jobs believes in Quality rather than quantity. In Poultry, quality egg even if less quantity can conquer more profit than the poor quality (cracked, soiled, smelled, less weight, misshapen, etc) but more in quantity eggs. Summer is the...
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INTRODUCTION As we learn more about the negative impacts of calcium (Ca) on the availability of phosphorus (P), it highlights how little we know about Ca requirements, digestibility of Ca in ingredients, and their impact on P digestibility (Angel, 2019). These impacts can be direct or indirect through chelation with phytate, which can have a profound impact on the efficacy of phytase. Historically the ratio of Ca to P has been defined as total Ca to total P or total Ca to a form...
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I. INTRODUCTION Commercial laying hens have been successfully selected for increasing production cycle lengths. Rather than being depopulated at 60 to 70 weeks of age, or being moulted to allow for additional production cycles, the egg industry has moved towards cycle lengths of 80 weeks or even longer. Selection for increased persistency of production and livability, skeletal health, and a slow rate of increase...
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NEW POLICIES AND ACTIONS
"Dual control of energy consumption" has become a crucial driving force for the contradiction between supply and demand of the veterinary APIs market. On Sep 16, the state planning agency published new policy...
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