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Poultry egg quality
Egg quality defines those characteristics of an egg that affect consumer acceptability and preference. Components of quality include shell quality and interior egg quality for shell eggs, and interior egg quality for further processed eggs. The quality of the egg once it is laid cannot be improved. Hence, its maintenance is mostly a preventive process. Egg quality is influenced by several factors including rearing, temperature, humidity, handling, storage, and egg age. Shell quality: There are five major classes of shell defects: integrity, texture, shape, color, and cleanliness. Internal egg quality involves functional, aesthetic and microbiological properties of the egg yolk and albumen. The proportions of components for fresh egg are 32% yolk, 58% albumen and 10% shell. Regarding exterior egg quality, the shell of each egg should be smooth, clean and free of cracks. The eggs should be uniform in colour, size and shape.
INTRODUCTION Soybean meal (Glycine max) is a widely used ingredient in livestock feed for its excellent protein content. Its production in Mexico is for use in the livestock industry, and is limited by the small scale of domestic soy bean production. Only 3 % of soybean meal demand is met by domestic production, the remaining 97 % coming from imported raw material(1). Despite its excellent protein content, its antinutritional factor content means soybean meal can only be used as...
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Introduction Genetic companies using new advances in genetic engineering are working to achieve high-persistence brown and white egg layer hybrids capable of producing more than 500 eggs in a 100-week lay and molt-free period. 1-The quality of the shell is the main reason for a producer to discard a flock of layer. 2-The posture drop is the second. - The most important nutritional strategy is bone health during rearing and all production through the...
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Introduction Poultry eggs are biological structures intended by nature for reproduction and are highly versatile foods containing many essential nutrients as they support life during embryonic growth (Abanikannda et al., 2007). Chicken eggs are familiar, nutritious, economical and easy to prepare food, as they provide balanced sources of nutrients for humans of all ages (Matt et al., 2009). Moreover, their high quality protein, low caloric value and easy of digestibility make...
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INTRODUCTION Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid and third limiting in typical commercial corn-soybean diets for white egg-laying hens (Russell and Harms, 1999). Tryptophan is primarily used for protein synthesis to maintain egg production but also plays a role as a precursor of serotonin which is synthesized to melatonin to regulate sleep, appetite, and stress responses. In addition, Trp can be converted to the B-vitamin niacin through the kynurenine pathway (Rogers and...
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I just want to share our experience on what we are going through in our poultry birds recently. The feed we buy to feed our birds now not so good because after consulting this feed they usually drop in egg laying and this has been going on for some time. Question: what do suggest is the cause ? Question: what can we do as Farmer to improve our bird egg laying. Question: what are the things we should do that we are not doing? Mostly all Farmer in Nigeria now are...
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Introduction Crossbreeding is a method of genetic improvement [1]. It produces chickens that will be better in different economic traits, such as growth rate, feed efficiency, age at first egg, and carcass characteristics [1,2]. The superiority of crossbreeds over purebreeds in some of the above-mentioned productive and reproductive traits was confirmed by many scholars [3]. Many scholars evaluated the assessment of reciprocal crossbreeds for different breeds in different...
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1. Introduction Under normal circumstances, excessive free radicals are scavenged by body enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, but oxidative stress can occur when the amount of oxidant production surpasses the capacity of the body’s antioxidant system [1,2]. Different aspects of avian productive and reproductive performances, such as egg production rate and egg quality traits, as well as fertility and hatchability may be adversely influenced by oxidative...
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Effects of soybean meal processing conditions on growth performance and intestinal integrity in coccidia vaccinated broiler chickens
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Infectious bronchitis live vaccine is given recommended right or wrong at the stage of laying birds(Age 25 wks above any situation). Have any harmful effects on egg production????...
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Dermanyssus gallinae (also known as red mite or poultry mite) is an ectoparasite of poultry that feeds on the blood of the animal. It causes itching, general discomfort, stress, anemia, fatigue, feather pecking, cannibalism and sometimes death. In laying hens, it worsens feed conversion, reduces the laying rate and impairs egg quality (eggs show pale yolks and fragile shells; eggs may be covered by mites or blood stains)....
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A success case in a breeding farm proved that the use of PlusProtect Digestive© and PhytoMax© can significantly improve productive parameters such as laying rate, FCR, egg quality, egg mass and percentage of qualified eggs. OUTLINE OF THE CASE Animals:...
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Introduction Use of the antibiotics in feed has shown several side effects like resistance towards the drug, residue in the meat and thereby the user getting resistance to the drug etc. hence several countries have banned the use of antibiotic based growth promoters in the feed animal sector and appearance of resistant strains in human beings. Alternative plant extracts and essential oils have been known to be used for many kinds of diseases by Egyptians, Chinese, Indians and...
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Due to the world’s population increase, egg production is expected to develop rapidly and, to increase egg production, the goal is to enhance laying persistency while maintaining egg quality (Bain et al., 2016). As they age, laying hens gradually decrease productivity and eggshell quality (Dunn, 2013). Oxidative stress is an important factor of ageing and selenium (Se), being an essential mineral involved in several antioxidant processes, can play an important role influencing both...
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Traditionally, Zn, Cu and Mn have been added to poultry diets in the form of inorganic salts, such as sulphate, to meet requirements and prevent deficiencies. The sulphate sources of trace minerals have low bioavailability, are highly water soluble and reactive in the feed and digestive tract (Ma et al., 2011). Hydroxychloride minerals (HyC) are a class of naturally occurring minerals with fully defined crystalline structure, where the crystal is held together by a series of covalent bonds...
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I. INTRODUCTION Feed efficiency (FE) is an important production trait in poultry. A commonly used measure of efficiency is feed conversion ratio (FCR), which is defined as feed intake (FI) per unit of egg mass (EM) in laying hens. It is widely recognised that behaviour is an important aspect of the physiological status of animals (Pennisi, 2005). Feeding behaviour may reflect animal meal habit as a potential predictor of FE (Schwartzkopf-Genswein, 2002). With the help of...
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1. Introduction The welfare of laying hens has been the subject of interest in consumers, industry, and the government in Chile. The current main egg production system in Chile is the intensive cage system [1], allowing high egg production (3.9 thousand million in 2019) for an increasing human population. Joint efforts have been carried out between the industry, universities, and the government to establish minimum welfare conditions, including the development of the Good...
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Introduction The application of sub-therapeutic doses of growth-promoting antibiotics (GPAs) in the poultry industry has allowed the development rate and production yield of the birds to be increased while preventing infections [1] by changing their intestinal microbiota, metabolism, and intestinal function [2]. Feeding is a particularly important factor in commercial poultry farming as it represents approximately 70% of the total cost of production, which has led to increased...
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Introduction Salmonellosis is one of the major foodborne diseases in developed countries [1]. It is known to be closely related to the consumption of contaminated food of animal origin, including eggs and poultry meat [2,3]. Salmonella enteritidis phage type 6 (PT6) is suspected to be the cause of epidemics of foodborne diseases in many countries [4]. Other severe outbreaks of S. enteritidis PT1 infection have been observed [5]. Salmonella typhimurium, a redoubtable pathogen,...
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The International Egg Commission (IEC) and International Poultry Council (IPC) have signed a renewed Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to strengthen their longstanding relationship and support continued growth in the egg and poultry industries.
Under the updated agreement, which was signed by IEC Chairman, Suresh Chitturi, and IPC President, Robin Horel, the organisations will work together on areas of joint interest including zoonosis and avian diseases, as well as...
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I. INTRODUCTION The feed efficiency (FE) of commercial laying hens has improved steadily since genetic selection began in earnest, with modern hybrids converting approximately 2.1 kg of feed into 1 kg of eggs. Recent research suggests considerable variation in FI and FE between hens kept under common management and dietary conditions (Akter et al., 2018). Research also indicates that many factors affect FE, including body composition, the digestion and metabolism of nutrients,...
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