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Poultry egg quality
Egg quality defines those characteristics of an egg that affect consumer acceptability and preference. Components of quality include shell quality and interior egg quality for shell eggs, and interior egg quality for further processed eggs. The quality of the egg once it is laid cannot be improved. Hence, its maintenance is mostly a preventive process. Egg quality is influenced by several factors including rearing, temperature, humidity, handling, storage, and egg age. Shell quality: There are five major classes of shell defects: integrity, texture, shape, color, and cleanliness. Internal egg quality involves functional, aesthetic and microbiological properties of the egg yolk and albumen. The proportions of components for fresh egg are 32% yolk, 58% albumen and 10% shell. Regarding exterior egg quality, the shell of each egg should be smooth, clean and free of cracks. The eggs should be uniform in colour, size and shape.
INTRODUCTION Hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) is an annual herbaceous plant belonging to the family Cannabinaceae (Turner et al., 1979), traditionally grown for fiber and seed production. Whole hemp seed contains approximately 25% crude protein, 33 to 35% oil, and 34% carbohydrate, in addition to a broad range of vitamins and minerals (Darshan and Rudolph, 2000; Callaway, 2004; House et al., 2010). Hemp seed oil contains 75 to 80% polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA),...
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INTRODUCTION As a nonpolar amino acid, Valine (Val) is one of the most hydrophobic amino acids (Brosnan and Brosnan, 2006). Val, leucine, and isoleucine are called branched chain amino acids due to the branched chain structures of their R groups. In animals, Val serves as a precursor for the synthesis of protein and other amino acids (Ferrando et al., 1995). As a glucogenic amino acid, Val is a substrate for glutamine synthesis which is involved in the Krebs cycle (Wu,...
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by Sam Shafer
Looking for a golden goose? Try a goose that’s two years old. In a recent study, researchers with the Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences found that goose egg yolks (the most valuable part of the egg) tend to be at their largest following the goose’s second laying season.
The Journal of Applied Poultry Research study links a...
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Eggshell quality can be affected by multiple factors. This article focuses on eggshell problems derived from calcium deficiency and heat stress , a frequent problem during warm seasons. The eggshell is mainly composed of calcium carbonate, and it is estimated that a laying hen secretes approximately 600 grams of calcium during its laying period to form the eggshell, which is thirty times the amount of calcium present in its body. This fact shows the high calcium...
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We have a layer poultry farm here in the philippines. 2 bldg. with a population of 9,400/bldg. The breed is lohman white. Age is between 20 - 28 weeks old with a production of 70% and 90%. The problem is our mortality is ranging from 10 - 15 heads per building per day. primary cause of death is prolapse and egg bound. we fed them with a high enery feeds, does the high energy feeds contributes to our chicken prolapse? Temperature is around 28 to 30degree celcius....
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INTRODUCTION Vitamin D is a group of closely related compounds that have antirachitic activity. It has been estimated that nearly 50% of the United States population is at risk for vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency (Holick et al., 2011). Vitamin D 3 (D 3 ) deficiency can cause rickets in young children or increase the risk of osteoporosis and osteomalacia in adults (Holick, 2005). One approach to increase D 3 intake in a population without...
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Light plays an important role in controlling the age at sexual maturity in birds; attaining sexual maturity at an appropriate age and weight is the key to reproductive success and the present study was an effort in the same direction. To develop specific practice for quail production and to optimize the best age for photo-stimulation present experiment was conducted. In total 225 females and 75 males of 5 week old were studied. A completely randomized design with three treatment of 5...
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Introduction Modern layer hybrids are a four-line-cross with a long breeding history and show a very high production potential in different housing systems all around the world. This proofs for white egg producing lines and for brown egg producing hens as well. Due to ongoing genetic work the egg industry and farmers realise steadily increasing persistency and longer liability under all housing conditions. The higher performance has been achieved by an increased efficiency too,...
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40 Years of Success in China with Hy-Line (Mandarin-language video)
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1. Introduction Fatty acids, especially essential fatty acids, are gaining importance in poultry feeding systems not only for improving the health and productivity of birds, but also because of our health-conscious society that prefers properly balanced diets to minimize adverse health issues [1–3]. Among various fatty acids, omega-6 (ω-6) and omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids are proving indispensable in a properly maintained ratio for numerous biological [4,5],...
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INTRODUCTION The intense international trade of animals and animal products facilitates the spread of Salmonella spp., making salmonellosis an international public-health subject, responsible for serious economic losses to the poultry industry and governments. Although humans can become infected by Salmonella spp. through a wide range of food products, poultry meat and eggs are among the most frequently implicated sources of human Salmonella outbreaks (Gast, 2013)....
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Introduction Nowadays, food is eaten to satisfy hunger, to provide the necessary nutrients to us humans and also to prevent nutrition-related illnesses in order to improve physical and mental well-being (SIRÓ et al., 2008). However, human nutrition has been characterized by excessive intake of sodium, cholesterol, omega-6 fatty acids and calories, and by low intake of omega-3 fatty acids, fibers, vitamins, antioxidants and trace minerals. These dietary and nutritional...
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Novus International in collaboration with Kasetsart University in Thailand recently launched the Eggshell Grading and Scoring System (eGss). Dr. Yuwares Ruangpanit explains how the eGss System is different from other scoring systems in the market, its benefits, and more in this video interview...
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Effects of Amino Acids on Immune Responses and Gut Health in Poultry
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What if we can enrich the embryo already with a quickly available energy source to better secure hatching and the first days in the life? This is possible by feeding the broiler breeder hen with a source of creatine. Creatine might ring a bell to many, as taking creatine as a supplement is very popular among athletes to gain muscle, enhance strength and improve exercise performance. Creatine gives muscle cells the capacity to produce more energy by recycling energy poor...
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INTRODUCTION Hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) is an annual herbaceous plant belonging to the family Cannabinaceae 1 , traditionally grown for fiber and seed production. Whole hemp seed contains approximately 25% crude protein, 33-35% oil and 34% carbohydrate, in addition to a broad range of vitamins and minerals 2-4 . Hemp seed oil contains 75-80% polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including 60% linoleic acid and 17-19% α-linolenic acid...
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I. INTRODUCTION Commercial laying hens have been successfully selected for increasing production cycle lengths. Rather than being depopulated at 60 to 70 weeks of age, or being moulted to allow for additional production cycles, the egg industry has moved towards cycle lengths of 80 weeks or even longer. Selection for increased persistency of production and livability, skeletal health, and a slow rate of increase...
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I. INTRODUCTION Calcium and phosphorus are two minerals of great concern to poultry nutritionists as a result of the relatively large quantities needed in the diet, and the adverse effects on bone formation, shell quality, and overall performance when inadequate amounts of these minerals are supplied. It is further difficult to discuss calcium supply in poultry diets without referring to phosphorus, since the...
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In the past few decades in South East Asia (SEA), with a moderate increase in the layer hen population, egg production rate and lifespan have greatly improved. However, when compared with the global egg production per capita (less than 7 vs. more than 10), there is still a significant opportunity to further increase egg production in this area. In SEA, the top challenges for the layer industry are egg quality and egg production rate, especially for old flocks. In old layers, especially after...
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INTRODUCTION The quality of egg depends on physical make-up and chemical composition of its constituent namely egg shell, albumen and yolk. Chemical compositions are important in egg product industry as the demand of liquid eggs, frozen eggs, egg powder and yolk oil increases (Song et al., 2002). However; significant percent loss occurs in albumen and yolk chemical composition and pH by long storage periods (Bufano, 2000). Environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and...
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INTRODUCTION The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) forecasts that the human population will increase by 30% by 2050 (FAO, 2019) with corresponding increase in demand for food. Animal protein, the largest component of human food is entirely dependent on livestock production channels as its source. Over 70% of the cost of livestock production is feed, and the second largest component and cost of feed is the crude protein, a segment that has been challenged for its...
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by Sam Shafer
The best part of brunch? Rich, melt-in-your-mouth egg yolks.
Egg yolks are nutrient-dense and the main source of an egg’s flavor. Hens make egg yolks of different sizes, but larger yolks can mean that a hen has a lower feed efficiency—the ability to convert what it eats to egg yield.
Luckily, new genomic sequencing tools may make it possible to devise new breeding strategies to improve egg yolk size without requiring more...
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