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Energy in poultry diets
While protein, vitamins and minerals are referred to as nutrients, energy -the 4th and most costly part of the diet- is not a nutrient but the property of energy yielding nutrients. Dietary nutrients that yield energy are protein, fat and carbohydrates. Dietary energy level is the main factor influencing feed intake, as birds will, under normal circumstances, eat to satisfy their energy needs. Therefore the dietary nutrients, protein vitamins and minerals should vary in relation to the dietary energy content of the diet, if they are not to become deficient, with low feed intakes, or overconsumed, with low energy diets. While there are a number of factors, such as level of protein, balance of essential amino acids and perhaps level of some of the other dietary nutrients, that can influence the cost of a diet, the level of dietary energy is usually the main factor influencing diet cost.
I. INTRODUCTION There is widespread interest in the successful development of reduced-crude protein (CP) diets, focusing on alternative dietary strategies to reduce CP levels whilst maintaining acceptable growth performance (Greenhalgh et al., 2020). Reduced CP diets have the potential to provide advantages environmentally by decreasing outputs of nitrogen and ammonia, improving bird welfare by enhancing litter quality and lowering incidences of foot-pad dermatitis and improving...
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I. INTRODUCTION The current system of feeding laying hens with a fully mixed diet, that attempts to meet all the nutrient requirements of the birds, only really developed with the introduction of cage housing facilities after the Second World War. Research on confining laying hens to cages ramped up in the first half of the 20th Century in California but it was not until the late 1940s that the first commercial cage farms started to appear (American Egg Board, 2020). Nutrition...
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Introduction. The indigestible soy galactooligosaccharides (GOS) stachyose and raffinose are considered anti-nutritional factors in poultry because they decrease the metabolizable energy of soy protein (Leske et al., 1993) and decrease performance (Jiang et al., 2006). The objective was to investigate if there was a dose-response effect of increasing levels of the soy GOS raffinose and stachyose in feed on performance and gastrointestinal health including AMEn, nitrogen retention and...
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DESCRIPTION OF PROBLEM The world population is growing over the years, and it is expected to increase by 2 billion people in 2050. As a result, the increased demand for animal protein will have to be met by a congruent production in accordance to sustainable and environmental concerns. This suggests that alternative feed ingredients should be introduced in the animal production chain (Henchion et al., 2017). Insects meal is one of the promising strategies proposed...
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Performance of broilers fed AGP free diets supplemented with a direct-fed microbial under hot climate
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1. Introduction β-mannans (BM) are commonly present in a wide variety of feedstuffs, including soybean meal, and have been described as one of the major anti-nutritional factors for non-ruminant animals (Bertechini, 2013). Dietary BM are associated with negative effects in pigs and broilers, such as increased intestinal viscosity and decreased nutrient digestibility (Shastak et al., 2015). Despite being naturally found in non-pathogenic substances, these compounds may...
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In this video interview, Martina Kluenemann, Research Manager for Nutrition Immunology and Physiology at Evonik Animal Nutrition, highlights how Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) could be beneficial to improving animal energy metabolism in animal diets...
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GuanAMINO® is a creatine source that ensures optimal nutrient utilization and returns over feed cost. Furthermore, it spares metabolic energy and works towards an optimized amino acid metabolism. Not sure why you should add GuanAMINO® to your feeds? Contact your Evonik representative for more information.
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INTRODUCTION Physical treatments, such as expansion and pelleting, are used in the processing of diets with the aim of enhancing feed efficiency. This occurs because during these processes, in addition to starch granule gelatinization, there are also partial protein denaturation, which leads to increased food digestibility and consequently improved broiler performance (Oliveira et al., 2011). Besides technological benefits, feed processing methods are associated with the...
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Introduction Soybean meal (SBM) is the most important and preferred source of quality protein in animal feeds (Banaszkiewicz, 2011). Among the oil seeds, SBM contains the highest crude protein (CP) and has the best AA profile, with only 6% crude fibre (Dei, 2011). The AAs in SBM are highly digestible by poultry (Newkirk, 2010). Based on the CP content, SBM can generally be classified as high protein (47% - 50%), or low protein (44% - 46%). Popescu & Criste (2003) suggested...
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Nutrients in most feed ingredients are present in a complex matrix. Therefore, it is anticipated that feed enzymes like protease can exert a wide influence on nutrient digestibility beyond their targeted substrates (Cowieson and Bedford, 2009). For instance, the disruption of protein matrix surrounding starch granules due to protease supplementation had been shown to improve energy digestibility in some cereal grains (McAllister et al., 1993). It is hypothesised that protease may benefit...
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Introduction Soybean meal (SBM) is the most important and preferred source of quality protein in animal feeds (Banaszkiewicz, 2011). Among the oil seeds, SBM contains the highest crude protein (CP) and has the best AA profile, with only 6% crude fibre (Dei, 2011). The AAs in SBM are highly digestible by poultry (Newkirk, 2010). Based on the CP content, SBM can generally be classified as high protein (47% - 50%), or low protein (44% - 46%). Popescu & Criste (2003) suggested...
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Non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) have a considerable impact on digestibility in broilers, dictating nutrient availability and energy utilization. The high NSP content of the hulls in canola meal are one factor limiting its effective use in poultry diets. The major NSP present in canola meal include cellulose, pectic polysaccharides and a variety of non-cellulosic polysaccharides, including arabinoxylans (AX). Attempts have been made to increase utilization of canola meal through the use of...
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INTRODUCTION Due to the price volatility of conventional feed ingredients, there is an ever-growing need to include relatively inexpensive alternatives such as fats in the diets. Such an approach might relatively reduce feed costs and simultaneously increase the energy density of the diets to meet the requirements of the modern fast-growing broilers. Fats are known to be a concentrated energy source, with at least twice as much energy as carbohydrates and proteins [1]. Alongside...
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Fiodor Marchenkov (Kronos Agro LLC, Kiev, Ukraine) offers his views on fat digestion and energy in animal diets....
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Martina Kluenemann, Research Manager for Nutrition Immunology and Physiology at Evonik Animal Nutrition, speaks about the mode of action of creatine as a constituent of energy metabolism and the benefits of GuanAMINO® supplementation in animals...
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INTRODUCTION In the United States and most parts the world, the biggest portion of poultry diets is comprised of carbohydrates, with corn being the main cereal grain used in the feed industry (Moran, 1982; Ai and Jane, 2016; Agristats, 2018; IGC, 2018). Corn is dried on the field or usually dried either by constant flow or batch drying after harvesting, so it could be included in poultry feeds. It has been reported that temperatures while drying could reach more than 100C mainly...
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Introduction Soyabean meal is the most important source of dietary protein for poultry in South Africa and much of the world. The increased use of vegetable protein meals in animal feeds has been brought about through consumer pressure for more sustainable and welfare oriented animal protein production. The increased use of vegetable protein sources has highlighted the importance of protein quality and the methods used to control quality have increased proportionately....
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Hello, In our operation, mostly broilers, we currently use AME or a form of AMEn to formulate diets. We track energy values based on NRC 1994, CVB tables, and Brazilian Tables using their equations on the ingredients for all diets. I have read some about NE and it seems there is a disagreement amongst industry if NE is advantageous in broilers. So our aim is to try and get NE values for our ingredients and track it's Energy Value in the diets along with the previously mentioned ones and see...
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Field pea ( Pisum sativum ) is a good source of protein but can also provide energy due to high starch content (Petterson et al., 1997). The slowly digestible starch in pea may improve energy utilization in broilers because of the prolonged elevated plasma glucose levels (Enting et al., 2005). Thus, partial replacement of soybean meal and wheat with pea may affect the net energy value of the diet. This experiment was performed to investigate the effect of pea in diet formulation on...
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INTRODUCTION Cereal grains such as wheat, sorghum, barley, and corn are commonly used in poultry diets as major sources of energy. Knowledge of the ME content of cereal grains is critical for their efficient and sustainable use and precise poultry feed formulation. Despite several limitations (Mateos et al., 2019; Wu et al., 2020), the AME is the globally accepted system for describing the available energy for poultry (Hill and Anderson, 1958; Sibbald, 1982). The simplicity,...
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