Infectious Coryza

Dear authors, Your recommended treatments are not allowed for use in layers. There is no indication in your article regarding residues of drugs in the eggs and the effect on human health. Good presentation BAD attitude ! Dr Nati Elkin

Dear Dr. Nati Elkin, Thank you for your opinion of a good presentation! Regarding your comment, we reported here how most veterinarians usually medicate layer hens and broilers. It is assumed that no eggs from medicated animals should not be consumed but in practise nobody does any control, at least in our country. In my opinion, this may be controlled only if health authorities would routinely check antibiotic and drug contents in eggs for human consumption. What is the situation in Israel, where you live? Best regards, Dr. Horacio Raúl Terzolo

Dear Nati, Thank you very much for your important observation. I hope that in future we reach the same standards as you have in Israel. For that we need to change our mind and also the present sanitary situation. Unfortunately we still have fowl typhoid in layers as an extended chronic disease in some farms and and for that antibiotics are given by poultryman, many times without having good results. Best regards, Horacio

Dear Dr. Nati Elkin, Thank you for your opinion. It seems like in your country usage of antibiotics in layer hens have more restrictions than in Latin America. In Argentina veterinarians use lots of antibiotics for avian treatment, they also ask for antibiograms and in many cases, while they are waiting for the laboratory results, they chose to use some antibiotics just to see if it works appropriately. That is why in our article we intend to tell how veterinarians face outbreaks here, to be sincere with our readers, without occulting information of how countries like ours works, but as you may read, we intended to recommend to perform sensitivity tests aimed to select the most appropiate antimicrobial in order to define strategies for the use of drugs in these farms. We cannot stop the use of antibiotics in hens as we do not have a health policy that support that idea, but what we can do and tried to do is to tell veterinarians that at least they have to send samples to laboratories to really confirm the diagnosis and determine with certainty the acting bacteria present in their farms and also ask for an antibiogram to administer the minimum antibiotic treatment as possible. In this way, at least, usage of antibiotics is reduced. The antibiotics recommended in this publication are the ones that veterinarian use in our country for treatments. Also, in this article we recommend vaccination as an effective way of prevention of the disease, as far as the strains of the vaccine are the predominant ones in the geographical area of application, that implies no use of antibiotics or at least their reduction. We can also recommend not to sell eggs for human consumption during treatment but to effectively enforce such measure we lack of the help of a sanitary policy. May be other colleagues from other countries may tell us the situation in their countries. Best regards, Luciana Cigoy

Dear Authors and All participants, First I would like to thanks for sharing such good and details information about Infectious coryza particularly grading of symptoms but only the treatment part as suggested by Dr Nati Elkin and my personal experience in layer birds affected with coryza and mycoplasmosis we can treat it by pluromutilin group of antibiotics Viz. Vetmulin (Tiamulin Hydrogen Fumarate) having different concentration of 10% & 80%. Specially THF-80% @ dose of 25mg/kg BW if trating with water then it for 3 days and if through feed its for 5 days as per convenience and CTC @ 1 kg/ton of feed. Most of the time infectious coryza is associated with mycoplasmaosis.

Self immune system to be developed rather than applying drugs and antibiotics which kill all the bacteria including good bacteria. The safe system can be prepared from herbals which are echo free for both birds and end users.

use of antibiotics should came alast solution. first is cleaning that's reducing the bacterial load and then biosecurity and vaccination. treatment should complete by a good antibiotic sensitive not shorting in the dark. we should use evidence based treatment to control and prevent diseases .abuse of antibiotics cause a lot of resistance of antibiotics

When you say infectious corysa may infect other birds such as Parrots, will racing pigeons be infected the same way?

Nice article .Outbreaks are in extreme condition. Hence use of antibiotics by vets & poultry farmers is common. Bacterial resistance in human beings is issue with use of AGP. Vets use antibiotics as per laws in concern country.

It is better to open the studies done on Antibiotics and vaccines in view of global conditions . The research done should be with and with out application of vaccines and antibiotics with conditions on birds .

Dear Koot Van Der Walt, Coryza is a general term used to described infections of the upper respiratory tract of many animal species including man. It has very often seen in racing pigeons. In pigeons coryza may have several causes and is usually a combination of different infectious agents such as: herpes virus; Chlamydia; Mycoplasma;and Escherichia coli. Nevertheless, to my knowledge Avibacterium paragallinarum has not been described in pigeons. Best regards, Dr. Horacio Raúl Terzolo

Thanks to all for your nice - suggestive comments on Infectious coryza

This is a very insightful article on Coryza. Antibiotics should be the last and least used options. Strict biosecurity, clean environment, and vaccination can keep Coryza away from the farm to a very large extent.

The authors did a good job! Well done

In my opinion,vaccination is the best method to overcome coryza problem in the endemic areasFirst vaccination at 8weeks and 2nd at 12 weeks is sufficient to immune the birds Now adays for all respiratory symptoms ,suspecting coryza is not correct

Great review and discussion, Interesting to see that the prevalence of Serovar C3 is increasing. C3 is very pathogenic and damages and production losses are very high compared to C2 , B, and A Serovars. Israel, Russia, Ukraine and South Africa, are using commercial C3 vaccines which also cross protect with Serovar C2. The disease is under control if vaccination program is implemented properly.

j'ai rencontre en plusieures reprise de l'avibacterium chez les pondeuses d'oeufs de consomation la vaccination est un moyen qu'il faut envisager lors se qu'ont est dans une repitition de coryza dans les memes batiments et le meme siteet meme avec une bonne desinfection et de bon moyen de biosecurites si ont s"amusait a vacciner toutes les maladies aviaires il faut des priorite pour des maladies que d'autres j'ai traiter avec succes chaque fois avec de l'enrofloxacine certe il faut un temps d'attente et une complementation vitaminique pour remontez la production qui chute beaucoup

Infectious coryza is best prevented by two vaccines given at 8th and 12th week. Oil adjuvent or gel based containing serotypes A+B+C are available in the market. If the disease occurs in layers in unvaccinated flocks, when vaccine fails or in badly managed farms with lot of dust and ammonia, the production losses are serious. We loose 40%production for a month. The best way we treat the flocks is by injecting oil based antibiotics we call long acting. Oxytetracycline LA given at 30mg per kg body weight s/c or i/m acts very fast and clears the infection in 5 days. 2nd dose repeated on 3rd day cures the flock totally and the flock comes back with minimum mortality. The eggs produced during treatment may have to be disposed off as per the laws in various countries. Though higher grade antibiotics are available, we find oxy la injections still effective.

Dear Bouayard, Thank you for sharing your experience with the disease! Surely, effective vaccination with the predominant strains in the geographical area in where the farm is located is a good preventive measure coupled with strict biosecurity measures and disinfection. If the disease is present enrofloxacin may be a good treatment to be implemented, although sensitivity tests are always recommended to avoid selection of resistant strains. Best regards, Dr. Horacio Raúl Terzolo