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Swine health
Pig diseases can be caused by bacteria, viruses, protozoa, nutritional deficiencies, poisonous substances, internal and external parasites.
Bacterial diseases include swine erysipelas, swine dysentery, infectious poly-arthritis etc. Viral and mycoplasma diseases include African swine fever, swine influenza, enzootic pneumonia of pigs, vesicular exanthema of swine, transmissible gastroenteritis etc. Helminthiasis as a health problem in pigs is mainly caused by worms like the lungworm, ascaris worm etc. Nutritional diseases include piglet anemia, parakeratosis etc. External parasitic infections include mange, lice, jiggers etc.
How to tell that a pig is in bad health:
General signs: dullness, loss of appetite, labored or rapid breathing, sudden deaths, loss of weight, low weight gain and fever usually manifested by shivering of the pig.
Signs expressed on the skin: reddening of the skin or skin discoloration, loss of hair and hardening of some parts of the skin, itching and cracking of the skin.
Other signs: lameness, cough, abnormal nasal discharges, diarrhea with a putrid smell, abnormal content and color of feces and abortions.
A revised licence for the vaccine Suvaxyn™ MH-One will provide a new opportunity for pig producers to extend protection against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.
The vaccine is now approved for use from seven days of age with a two-week onset of immunity, which means that piglets can be protected by three weeks of age when they are commonly already infected with M....
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Introduction During the period of 1976-2007, 1.4 to 16.7 deaths per 100,000 persons were influenza-associated in the United States each year [1]. In addition to the significant mortality and morbidity associated with influenza virus in the human population, influenza A virus (IAV) is a common pathogen in many animal species, including pigs. Influenza virus has been considered widespread in the United States pig population since first described...
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Comparison of amino acid digestibility in feed ingredients for mini and commercial pigs
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A good biosecurity program is essential for the improvement and maintenance of the genetic potential and productivity of farm animals. Disease outbreaks on farms affect productivity...
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INTRODUCTION Lameness in swine, poultry, horses, and cattle have a large negative economical impact to livestock producers (Corr et al., 2003). Multiple definitions of lameness are used. Merriam-Webster (2008) defines lameness as “having a body part and especially a limb so disabled as to impair freedom of movement” while Wells (1984) defines lameness as ”impaired movement or...
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Fumonisins—mycotoxins produced by several Fusarium species, especially Fusarium verticillioides (F. moniliforme) and proliferatum—have been reported in animal foods and corn-based human foods from around the world (1,2). Fumonisins alter sphingolipid biosynthesis, induce hepatotoxicity, and elevate serum cholesterol concentration in all species studied. Other effects are species specific: pulmonary edema and...
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1. INTRODUCTION Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) since its first report in the late 1980s in Western Europe (Wensvoort et al., 1991) and North America (Keffaber, 1989) has caused a significant economic impact on the global swine industry (Neumann et al., 2005). The aetiological agent of PRRS is an RNA virus (PRRSV) of the order Nidovirales, family Arteriviridae, genus...
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I am a small pig farmer in Thailand (80 sow / 8 boars / 60 gilt farm). Our farm primarily is in the business of raising piglets for sale at 35 days as market finishing pigs - we only raise finish pigs from piglets that do not reach our standards for sale to the public. We also raise gilts and sell sperm. In Thailand, and all bordering countries, there is currently a large problem with PRRS. We, piglet sellers, were first restricted to selling piglets...
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Introduction The principal characteristic of Atrophic Rhinitis (AR) is a reduced growth rate due to the atrophy of the nasal turbinates caused by the dermonecrotoxin (DNT) released by Pasteurella multocida toxigenica (1). Sows vaccinated against AR produce elevated levels of antibodies which are passed to their offspring via the colostrum. The antibody titer against DNT is directly correlated with...
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1 Harrisvaccines Inc., Ames, IA 50010, USA 2 Immunobiology Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA 3 Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA 4 Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA and 5 Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production...
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Comparison of amino acid digestibility in feed ingredients for mini and commercial pigs
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*Harrisvaccines, Inc.; †AlphaVax, Inc; ‡Harrisvaccines Inc., Ames, IA; §University of Kentucky, Livestock Disease Diagnostic Center; #Alphavax Human Vaccines; **Alphavax; ††AlphaVax Human Vaccines; §§AlphaVax and ¶¶ Iowa State University Accepted October 29, 2009 Abstract ...
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I am wondering what causes swine shaking after they eat industrial feed formula, and why most of them die later. Could anyone help me please?? Thanks so much ...
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1. Introduction Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a highly contagious viral disease that was first recognized almost simultaneously in Western Europe (Wensvoort et al., 1991) and North America in the late 1980s (Keffaber, 1989). The causative agent is PRRS virus (PRRSV), a small single-stranded positive sense RNA virus, classified in the order Nidovirales, family Arteriviridae and genus Arterivirus. Since its appearance,...
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The most important components of a swine herd health management program appear to be all-in/all-out pig flow, segregated weaning, vaccinations, biosecurity and sanitation. However, these powerful tools are often inadequate and other tools are needed. Antibiotics are also important for protecting pig health....
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TYPE I IFNS are a family of cytokines prominent in antiviral responses. In contrast to a single type II IFN, i.e., IFN-γ, type I IFNs consist of multiple subclasses including IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-ε, IFN-ω, and IFN-κ (16, 30). Humans have multiple IFN-α subtypes and single-subtype subclasses of IFN-β, IFN-ε, IFN-ω, and IFN-κ (42). Type I IFNs also include other subclasses with a more limited species...
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INTRODUCTION Producing pigs without using antibiotic growth promoters represents a challenge. Disease problems often are elevated and general performance is compromised on farms practicing non-medicated swine production. That is true in particular during the immediate post-weaning period whereas antibiotics can often be removed from diets fed to growing-finishing swine without introducing major disease problems (Wierup, 2001)....
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For more than a century nutritionists have been interested in the effect that dietary electrolyte balance has on animal health and performance. It is nowadays well established that the dietary electrolyte balance represents a challenging area that allows nutritionists to adapt diets of production animals according to their physiological stage and also to environmental challenges such as heat stress. Electrolytes have four important physiological...
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SIR, - Porcine multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) was initially identified and reported in pig herds in Canada a decade ago (Harding 1996); since then, it has been described worldwide, including Argentina, Brazil and Mexico in Latin America (Trujano and others 2001, Zanella and others 2002, Sarradell and others 2002). Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) is considered the infectious cause of this disease (Ellis...
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Comparison of amino acid digestibility in feed ingredients for mini and commercial pigs
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Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome ( PMWS ), also known as porcine circovirus associated disease (PCVAD) in North America, is an emerging disease of swine that was initially identified in herds in Western Canada during the early 1990s. 3 Major clinical signs associated with the disease, mainly wasting and respiratory distress, have been described in 6- to 16- week-old pigs. 19 The most...
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Introduction Influenza viruses are enveloped, single stranded RNA viruses in the family Orthomyxoviridae . The genome of influenza A viruses consists of eight unique segments of single-stranded RNA, which are of negative polarity (Webster et al ., 1992). The hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) are very important for the induction of an antibody response in the host, but...
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