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Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS)
Welcome to the page about Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) of Engormix; a source of knowledge on Porcine Reproductive & Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS).
Introduction: In PRRS challenge studies a large amount of data is available and is often presented in tables to demonstrate the effect of challenge. All of the effects of challenge are happening in the pigs at the same time. Still it is a challenge to visualize the simultaneous events in an optimal way. This paper aims to visualize a number of simultaneous effects of PRRSV challenge in vaccinated pigs using a time spatial moving graph. Materials and...
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Introduction: Veterinary practitioners in the Netherlands often try to use PRRS antibody titers as a tool for compliance of modified-live (MLV) PRRS vaccination in piglets, or to show PRRS field virus infection in piglets regardless of previous PRRS MLV vaccination. The objective of this field study was to evaluate results of PRRS antibody testing in the serum end of nursery, at 5-7 weeks after PRRS MLV vaccination. Materials and Methods: In five...
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Giovani Trevisan (Iowa State University) commented on some precautions and biosecurity measures to stop the spread of this disease, during this Swine It interview with host Laura Greiner....
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Introduction: Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium spp. and is a common contaminant of grains worldwide. DON has been shown to increase susceptibility to viral infections. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of DON on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) immunization and subsequent challenge infection in vivo. Materials and Methods: In total 38 piglets were divided into four groups. Group I (10...
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Introduction: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is primary pathogen of pigs causing serious failure in production and reproduction of pigs. We confirm the influence of the infection and the vaccination to the immune response in the experiment in vivo. The immunosuppressive activity of this virus can also predispose to secondary bacterial infections. The animals infected with both pathogens develop more severe clinical signs. Materials and...
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Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the onset of immunity of PrimePac PRRS, a modified live PRRSv Type II vaccine, in piglets vaccinated intramuscularly (IM) or intradermally (ID) with IDAL, followed by challenge with PRRS Type II strain VR2332 4 weeks later. Materials and Methods: Two-week old piglets were vaccinated with one dose PrimePac PRRS vaccine (produced by MSD-AH, The Netherlands) dissolved in Diluvac Forte. Vaccinations were...
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Introduction: PRRS is one of the most economically important viral diseases in swine industry. The genome of the causative virus encodes seven structural proteins, namely, GP2a, GP2b, GP3, GP4, GP5, M and N. Although the antibody response against N protein after the infection has been well investigated using an available kit, the antibody response against other structural proteins is yet to be evaluated. Here, except for GP2b, we evaluated by an immunofluorescence...
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Introduction: The FAO (1999) estimates that at least 25 % of world grain and seed production is contaminated by fungi and their mycotoxins, and are considered as one of the greatest risks that affect human and animal health. The fumonisins have been associated with certain diseases in animals such as the leucoencefalomalacia in equines (ELEM) and pig lung edema (PLE). The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (vPRRS) has economically impacted the national and...
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Introduction: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) and porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) viruses are airborne pathogens able to spread rapidly regionally. Despite this evidence, the information on the size of particles with which airborne viruses are associated while airborne in the field is limited. This association will determine the virus contribution to the airborne route, will help to explain the in between-farm transmission, as well as the...
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Introduction: PRRSV leads to huge economic losses for the swine industry worldwide. Availability of simple, easy-to-use and accurate collection methods and laboratory tests are crucial for efficient PRRS diagnosis and monitoring. Blood sampling is currently the most frequently used method in the field for these purposes. A welfare friendly collection method, namely oral fluid (OF), has recently gained interest in the field as an alternative technique to blood sample....
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Introduction: To offer routine diagnostic analyses that are cheaper and less time-consuming than our current in-house ELISAs, we have developed and evaluated a Luminex-based multiplexed immunoassay that facilitates simultaneous detection and distinction between antibodies to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) Type 1 and Type 2, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App) serovars 2, 6 and 12 as well as Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella...
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Introduction: PRRS is one of the most significant pig diseases in the modern swine industry. Current vaccination strategies are based on the use of Modified Live Vaccines (MLV) and/or Inactivated Vaccines. Nevertheless, in many farms PRRSV circulation in weaned piglets remains a clinical problem. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of implementation of a Dual Technology Prime Boost (DTPB) vaccination combining MLV and PROGRESSIS® (Merial) at the...
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Introduction: The acquisition of replacement gilts represents the main risk for the introduction of the disease to negative farms, or in this case, for the introduction of new virus variants to positive farms. The possibility of boars transmitting PRRS is important even when the animal does not show signs of the disease after infection. Objective: To determine the health status of replacement gilts and boars used for natural mating or semen donors regarding...
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Introduction: This project is to first in Alberta and western Canada to eradicate PRRS from 3 adjoining counties with endemic PRRS infection problems from small continuous flow farms as well as multisite operations, and pursue the understanding of the economics of before and after PRRS positive status. We initially established that 13 of 25 sites were PRRS positive. We have now successfully eradicated PRRS in all of participating locations. Materials and...
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Introduction: In 2014 in North Carolina, anecdotal reports of a particularly virulent PRRSV isolate (RFLP cut pattern 1-7-4) were reported by practicing veterinarians. Reports indicated that the isolate was more transmissible, had higher levels of viremia for longer time periods and was more virulent in comparison to other circulating PRRSV strains. The objective of this study was to evaluate PRRS 1-7-4 isolates under experimental challenge conditions. Materials and...
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Introduction: Respiratory infections remain a significant problem for the swine industry and result in substantial economic loss. Swine Respiratory Disease (SRD) is a complex condition involving viral agents and bacterial agents such as Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ( App ), Haemophilus parasuis ( Hp ), Bordetella bronchiseptica ( Bb ) and Pasteurella multocida ( Pm ). The in vitro activity of...
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Introduction: Gamithromycin, the active pharmaceutical ingredient in Zactran® 15% w/v gamithromycin injection from Merial, is a novel azalide antimicrobial developed for the treatment of swine respiratory disease. Gamithromycin is a 15-membered semi-synthetic macrolide with a uniquely positioned alkylated nitrogen at the 7a-position of the lactone ring. The PK properties and dose proportionality of gamithromycin in swine plasma were determined after a single...
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Introduction: Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSv) has been reported to negatively modulate pig immune response, particularly the inhibition of interferon-g (IFN-g) and increasing the number of interleukin10 (IL-10) producing cells. Thus, one of the strategies in controlling the immune-modulation of PRRSv is to use immuno-enhancer for PRRS immune response. Sangrovit Extra ®, a plant extract from Macleaya cordata, mainly consists of isoquinoline...
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Introduction: The farm was a closed herd using AI and comprised 430 breeding sows. Progeny were kept until 10 weeks of age when they were sent to a second unit for finishing. The farm was infected with PRRS virus, as well as enzootic pneumonia (EP) (Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae), pleuropneumonia (Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae) (APP) and streptococcal meningitis/arthritis (SM) (Streptococcus suis). The farm was planning to replace the weaning...
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Over the last 30 years, diseases caused by emerging swine viruses (ESV) have acquired great relevance, more than in other species. Diseases caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv), high pathogenicity porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDv), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2), and influenza virus H1N1pdm09 had great economic impact. Others, however, such as porcine enteroviruses, porcine toroviruses (PToV), porcine sapelovirus (PSV), porcine bocavirus (PBoV),...
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