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Swine enteric diseases
Enteric diseases, including ileitis, salmonellosis and porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), are common gastrointestinal disorders that, if left untreated, can result in undernourished, dehydrated pigs and possible death.
Pigs of all ages are susceptible to intestinal diseases, and diarrhea is the clinical sign common to nearly all such disorders. Infectious agents that cause enteropathies are typically transmitted via the fecal-oral route. More than 20 etiologic agents, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites, can cause primary intestinal disease in pigs. Some other viruses, including sapovirus, adenocirus, and enterovirus, also have been isolated from the intestines of pigs but are not associated with economically consequential disease.
Pig diarrhoea is one of the most frequent health problem in modern production, which can be associated with high mortality, decreased growth rates and an increase in treatment costs. The solution for an enteric disease requires a diagnosis which is based on diagnostic criteria, that must be respected to be reliable. The veterinary practitioner has the responsibility of making a final diagnosis, and based on this to make decisions concerning the management of swine health problems. The veterinary diagnostic laboratory can be an important support providing technical assistance in performing laboratory testing and consultancy activity.
Introduction Multiple immune cells are involved to sense “danger signals” and activate and control a local immune response in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Resident and infiltrating immune cells collaborate with functional epithelial cells to respond to pathogens and toxic residues formed after digestion of feed/foods. Specialized cells (e.g. M cells) and enterocyte-conditioned dendritic cells (DC’s) embedded in the epithelial layer of the...
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Introduction Swine dysentery (SD) typically manifests as a severe mucohemorrhagic colitis arising from infection of the caecum and colon of grower-finisher pigs with the anaerobic intestinal spirochete Brachyspira hyodysenteriae [1]. SD can severely depress feed conversion efficiency, may require considerable antimicrobial use for its control, and represents an animal welfare issue. Strains of B. hyodysenteriae that are resistant to antimicrobial...
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INTRODUCTION Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes an acute and highly contagious enteric disease, which is characterized by severe enteritis, vomiting, watery diarrhea and a high mortality rate in neonatal piglets. Belonging to the family Coronaviridae, genus Alphacoronavirus, PEDV has a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome of ∼28 kb that encodes four structural proteins, spike (S), envelope,...
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Geographical incidence Porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED) is caused by a coronavirus somewhat similar to that which causes transmissible gastroenteritis. The PED virus was first recognized in the UK in 1971 and has spread throughout most of Europe and Asia where it is in many countries considered to be endemic (AASV, 2013). Severe outbreaks with high mortality are typically rare in Europe, but are recently reported to be...
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Introduction
Diseases caused by E. coli have been a recognised problem for as long as pigs have been raised. Early work in the 1960s and 1970s elucidated the pathogenic mechanisms of E. coli causing newborn diarrhea, and lead to the development of maternal vaccines which effectively control this form of the disease. However, maternal vaccination with these vaccines does not protect piglets...
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Background Spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) as an ingredient in diets for nursery pigs is well recognized to improve growth rate, feed intake, feed efficiency, and to reduce post-weaning diarrhea, mortality, and morbidity [1,2]. In addition, weaned pigs fed diets supplemented with SDPP had reduced intestinal inflammation, mucosal barrier dysfunction, and diarrhea [3]. ...
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Introduction The intestinal spirochaete Brachyspira hyodysenteriae is the classical causative agent of swine dysentery (SD), a disease typically associated with severe colitis and bloody mucoid diarrhoea mainly seen in grower and finisher pigs [1]. Two related species, Brachyspira suanatina and “ Brachyspira hampsonii ”, also have been shown to occur in pigs and to cause SD on...
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Dr. John Pluske (Murdoch University) discussed microbiota in the pig and the impact of fiber on nutrition and health, during CLANA 2016 in Cancun, Mexico....
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Introduction
Antimicrobial use in animal production has been monitored over the past two decades because of potential adverse effects on animal and human health related to antimicrobial resistance. Administration of antimicrobials in animal production began early after their initial discovery, primarily for treatment of diseases, but also for promoting growth and for disease prevention. The...
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In less than a year, University of Saskatchewan (U of S) scientists have developed and tested a prototype vaccine that could protect the North American swine industry from a virus that has killed more than eight million pigs and cost more than $400 million in lost income since 2013.
The Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) hit the United States in 2013 and spread to Canada in 2014. It was first discovered in Europe, and has become increasingly problematic...
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The Department of Agriculture of South Africa says it suspects that the current African swine fever outbreak could have come from neighbouring countries.
Outbreaks have been reported in the Free State and North West provinces. Over 600 pigs have been reported dead in Bloemfontein, Botshabelo and Koffiefontein in the Free State.
In the North West more than 600 pigs died and a further 400 have been culled. Four farms have been quarantined in the Free State. Samples...
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Swine Dysentery (SD), commonly known as bloody scours, is a troublesome disease which had been virtually eliminated through scientific breakthroughs in the 1970s and 1980s. But today, likely due to changes in production practices, it has begun to re-emerge and again cause disease and death in hogs. SD is too costly a disease to live with. When an infection is suspected, it is important to get as early and accurate a diagnosis as...
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The director of swine health research with National Pork Board suggests, if the decline in PED cases continues at its current rate, the U.S. will be in a better position in 2016 to consider a national strategy for eliminating the virus. [Source: Farmscape for June 9, 2015, Bruce Cochrane]
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea was first identified in May 2013 in the U.S., the infection has since affected over 50% of U.S. sow herd in at...
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Veterinary Research 2014, 45:73 doi:10.1186/s13567-014-0073-z . The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://www.veterinaryresearch.org/content/45/1/73 Received: 18 March 2014 Accepted: 16 June 2014 Published: 14 July 2014 © 2014 Alonso et al. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License...
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The United States Department of Agriculture’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) today noted its progress addressing Swine Enteric Coronavirus Disease (SECD) since issuing a Federal Order requiring the reporting of SECD to federal and state animal health officials six months ago. Today, USDA is receiving more accurate and timely information about SECD affected herds and their locations, which allows animal...
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With the coming of the cold Winter Weather, many are worried about the arrival of the PEDV Epidemic again. Here are some simple tips to help keep PEDV out: (1) Maintain a fence around your hog farm, and keep all unnecessary traffic out! (2) Have you Manure Hauler use back roads that are away from neighboring hog farms. (1) (3) Have your Manure Hauler clean and disinfect all machinery that enters your farm.(1) (4) Communicate with...
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Opriessnig T, Xiao C-T, Gerber PF, Zhang J, Halbur PG (2014) Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus RNA Present in Commercial Spray-Dried Porcine Plasma Is Not Infectious to Naïve Pigs. PLoS ONE 9(8): e104766. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0104766 Received: June 16, 2014; Accepted: July 15, 2014; Published: August 12, 2014 Tanja Opriessnig, Priscilla F. Gerber (The Roslin...
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On September 2014, an ad hoc Group of experts was gathered in a meeting convened by The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) regarding the global occurrence of Porcine Epidemic Diarrohea Virus (PEDv) and proposed steps.
The conclusions of the ad hoc Group, subsequebtly endorsed by the OIE Scientific Commission on Animal Diseases, was that "direct transmission of PEDv occurs through ingestion...
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OIE Technical Factsheet September 2014
Aetiology Epidemiology Diagnosis Prevention and Control References
Porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED), also occasionally referred to as porcine epidemic diarrhoea syndrome, is a non-zoonotic viral disease of pigs caused by a coronavirus and characterised by...
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Louis Russell, Ph.D., President & Chief Executive Officer at APC, gives his opinion about the discussion in the swine industry whether the spray-dried porcine plasma could be a vector responsible for spreading the PED virus. Also he mentions the benefits of using spray-dried plasma in animal nutrition. ...
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