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Mycotoxins in swine
Pigs are extremely sensitive to mycotoxins. Both the type and concentration of mycotoxin(s) in the feed, as well as the age and phase of production of the pig, will determine the degree to which the animal is affected. Young pigs and breeding sows/boars are generally the most adversely affected by mycotoxins, but it is important to note that grow-finish pigs can also be adversely affected by these harmful substances.
Even at low levels in feed, mycotoxin contamination reduces pig performance, affects health status and can contribute to increased mortality rates. In addition, irreversible tissue damage can occur, which can compromise performance long after mycotoxins have been removed from the feed.
Mycotoxins are harmful, naturally occurring substances produced by molds and fungi. These fungi commonly grow on feedstuffs and tend to multiply during adverse weather conditions. More than 500 mycotoxins have been identified to date, and this number is steadily increasing. Mycotoxins are invisible, stable and toxic chemical compounds. They are common in the farm environment, surviving in multiple places and on many different types of feed sources.
Brazil occupies an important position in the world ranking of pork production, both as producer and exporter, behind only China, the European Union and the United States. Such growth is due to varied factors, such as genetics, management, sanitation and nutrition. All this care has made pork very attractive and pleasing to the palate, thus opening up new markets. Rations are intensively used within this production chain, accounting for about 70 to 80% of the total cost. Thus, quality of the...
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Dr. Christos Gougoulias, Head of Innovation at Innovad, speaks about the results of a 4-year PhD research project with the University of Ghent (Belgium) on the use of biomarkers for mycotoxin exposure in livestock which involved the necessary Method Development and validation in several biological fluids (blood plasma, urine, faeces and excreta) in pigs and chickens, during the Symposium on Gut Health in Production of Food Animals in St. Louis, Missouri, USA...
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Introduction The mycotoxic nephropathy (MN) is a renal disorder caused by alimentary ingestion of secondary fungal metabolites possessing nephrotoxic properties and encountered in feeds/foods/forages made mainly from cereals or fibrous plants, and kept in storehouse conditions and increased humidity. Since its discovering the disease has been described using various names: nephrosis provoked by moulds, chronic interstitial fibrosis of kidneys, chronic interstitial nephritis,...
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Are we exaggerating the problems of Mycotoxins? Ewa Sujka Higuera discusses the main issues producers face fighting mycotoxins, during IPPE 2019
*Certain information associated with products, their composition and claims may be different depending on the geographical region and may not be applicable in all countries. Liptosa reserves the right to adapt to the requirements and legislation in each case.
The information and technical recommendations provided herein are based on Liptosa's...
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1. Introduction Mycotoxins are natural secondary metabolites produced by various species of fungi and are able to exert toxic effects in humans, animals, and plants [1]. Zearalenone (ZEN), one of the most important mycotoxins, can cause fertility and reproduction disorders in mammals. Generally, gilts are the most sensitive species to ZEN exposure [2]. ZEN possesses an estrogenic effect, which manifests itself clinically in hyperestrogenism. Prepubertal females react...
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1. Introduction Mycotoxic nephropathy (MN), which is widely encountered renal disease all over the world, is usually a renal disorder caused by alimentary ingestion of some nephrotoxic mycotoxins. Ochratoxin A (OTA) is considered to be the most important mycotoxin provoking this nephropathy. However, this nephropathy was recently found to have much complicated pathology and etiology in some countries such as Bulgaria [1] and South Africa [2]. In these countries, spontaneous...
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Yufeng Wang, Technical Sales Manager at Nutrex for the Asian Markets, introduces EndoBan®, a unique product that combines different strategies to minimize the negative effects caused by endotoxins, thereby improving animal production and feed efficiency, during Eurotier 2018 ...
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Geert Van de Mierop, Managing Director at Nutrex, introduces EndoBan®, a unique product that combines different strategies to minimize the negative effects caused by endotoxins, thereby improving performance, during Eurotier 2018
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Carlos López, Area Manager for the Asian Market at Liptosa, describes the main characteristics of the range of products Fintox, adsorbents and detoxifying agents with a broad spectrum of effectiveness against mycotoxins and other endotoxins....
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Crops can be contaminated with mycotoxins already on the field (pre-harvest) or during transport, storage or processing (post-harvest). A survey of mycotoxin contamination in Europe and Asia showed that deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) are 2 of the most important mycotoxins in Europe based on occurrence and toxicity. Both toxins belong to the group of fusariotoxins produced by Fusarium species and often co-occur. ...
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Introduction Cereals are particularly susceptible to fungal contamination during both the pre- and postharvest stages. Many of these fungi are producers of mycotoxins, which are a chemically diverse group of secondary metabolites with a wide range of toxic effects (Bryden, 2012). The contamination of grain by mycotoxins represents a major concern worldwide in the pig production chain, since the effect of these toxins is to reduce animal performance (Andretta et al.,...
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1. Introduction The maize ethanol industry continues to grow steadily in the United States, keeping in step with federal government directives for the inclusion of renewable fuels in the U.S. fuel supply. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 [1] and the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 [2] bolstered mandates for biofuel inclusion and directed that maize-based ethanol should constitute 57 billion liters (15 billion gallons) of the U.S. fuel supply annually by the year 2015....
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1. Introduction Toxigenic fungi may often colonize fodder crops and feed components. Under varied environmental conditions, they can produce toxic secondary metabolites, called mycotoxins. A recent study investigated the occurrence of mycotoxins in European feed samples and concluded that 82% of the samples were contaminated with mycotoxins [1], indicating that mycotoxins are omnipresent. All farm animals can experience a negative impact from a dietary intake...
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INTRODUCTION Zearalenone (ZEA) is produced by Fusarium fungi growing on grains worldwide and is mostly found in its derived products. Concentrations depend on climatic conditions, as well as on the conditions of feed storage and production (Rotter et al., 1996; Voss et al., 2007). With a similar structure to estrogen, zearalenone has been demonstrated to affect swine reproduction (Etienne and Jemmali, 1982; Young et al., 1990). Besides its estrogenic effects, zearalenone has...
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INTRODUCTION It has been previously reported that severe contamination of grain and feed with zearalenone (ZEA) occurs in numerous areas of the world (Chaytor et al., 2011). The laggard harvest conditions of grain and the processing of edible oil significantly aggravated the contamination by fusarium in China, and the contamination levels of mycotoxins such as ZEA were much higher than those in other countries (Zhang et al., 1997). Pigs are the most sensitive species to...
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Alberto Gimeno (albertogimeno@mail.telepac.pt) Technical Consultant in Mycology and Feeding Mycotoxicology. Member of the Consulting Committee of Albéitar
The fumonisins The fumonisins are toxic secondary metabolites, mainly produced by toxicogenic strains of Fusarium moniliforme . The greatest production of fumonisins take place in substrates with water...
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1. Introduction Mycotoxins are a class of low molecular weight compounds that are produced by toxigenic strains of moulds that infect food and feed commodities. They can cause serious animal health related problems as they may be hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic [1,2] and may impair immune responses resulting in increased risk to secondary infection [3]. In addition, these toxins also compromise animal performance arising from...
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Introduction Deoxynivalenol (DON), also known as vomitoxin, is a mycotoxin commonly found in wheat, corn, and other cereal grains. During wet, cool periods of the growing season, Fusarium graminearum forms a head blight, producing DON as a secondary metabolite. Because DON occurs frequently and at toxicologically relevant concentrations and pigs are the most susceptible...
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With the goal of providing information and training on grain handling and storage safety, Iowa State University Extension and Outreach has produced a series of online learning modules. Developed through the Iowa Grain Quality Initiative, the no-cost learning modules can be used to train employees on current best practices.
A wide variety of issues are examined in the series, including: drying, aeration, grain storage, mycotoxins, processing, rendering,...
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