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Mycotoxins in swine
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1. Introduction Deoxynivalenol (DON), commonly known as vomitoxin, is a potent mycotoxin produced by the fungus Fusarium graminearum, and its presence in wheat, corn, and barley crops can lead to them being downgraded to livestock feed grade. Pigs, and in particular young piglets, are poorly tolerant to DON contamination. Although extremely high doses of contamination in feed (20 mg/kg feed) will induce vomiting [1,2], swine will tolerate lower-level feed contamination to...
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1. Introduction Broiler chickens and pigs are highly exposed to mycotoxins due to their cereal based diet. These toxins are mainly produced by Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium fungal species. [1]. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most important aflatoxin with regards to potency and occurrence. Poultry are highly sensitive to the hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic effects of AFB1. At lower doses, reductions in growth rate, hatchability, feed efficiency, and immunity occur, which...
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Introduction Mycotoxins are toxic substances produced by some fungi that are widely present in feedstuffs. They are responsible for considerable losses and adverse effects on animal health and production (Hauschild et al., 2007). Zearalenone (ZEA) is a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin (Andretta et al., 2008; Andretta et al., 2010) produced mainly by Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum in corn (Fink-Gremmels and Malekinejad, 2007; Chatopadhyay et al., 2012; Gajecka...
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Brazil occupies an important position in the world ranking of pork production, both as producer and exporter, behind only China, the European Union and the United States. Such growth is due to varied factors, such as genetics, management, sanitation and nutrition. All this care has made pork very attractive and pleasing to the palate, thus opening up new markets. Rations are intensively used within this production chain, accounting for about 70 to 80% of the total cost. Thus, quality of the...
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Dr. Christos Gougoulias, Head of Innovation at Innovad, speaks about the results of a 4-year PhD research project with the University of Ghent (Belgium) on the use of biomarkers for mycotoxin exposure in livestock which involved the necessary Method Development and validation in several biological fluids (blood plasma, urine, faeces and excreta) in pigs and chickens, during the Symposium on Gut Health in Production of Food Animals in St. Louis, Missouri, USA...
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Mycotoxins impair animal health, welfare and performance. These toxins are difficult to monitor and tools assessing both the risk in feed and the exposure impact in animals can contribute greatly in helping the producer to take the right measures and thus, avoid significant economic losses.
A 4-year PhD research project with the University of Ghent (Belgium) on the use of biomarkers for mycotoxin exposure in livestock has come to an end. This research, conducted by...
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Introduction The mycotoxic nephropathy (MN) is a renal disorder caused by alimentary ingestion of secondary fungal metabolites possessing nephrotoxic properties and encountered in feeds/foods/forages made mainly from cereals or fibrous plants, and kept in storehouse conditions and increased humidity. Since its discovering the disease has been described using various names: nephrosis provoked by moulds, chronic interstitial fibrosis of kidneys, chronic interstitial nephritis,...
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Are we exaggerating the problems of Mycotoxins? Ewa Sujka Higuera, Head of Sales Department at LIPTOSA, discuss the main issues producers face fighting mycotoxins, during IPPE 2019...
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1. Introduction Mycotoxins are natural secondary metabolites produced by various species of fungi and are able to exert toxic effects in humans, animals, and plants [1]. Zearalenone (ZEN), one of the most important mycotoxins, can cause fertility and reproduction disorders in mammals. Generally, gilts are the most sensitive species to ZEN exposure [2]. ZEN possesses an estrogenic effect, which manifests itself clinically in hyperestrogenism. Prepubertal females react...
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1. Introduction Mycotoxic nephropathy (MN), which is widely encountered renal disease all over the world, is usually a renal disorder caused by alimentary ingestion of some nephrotoxic mycotoxins. Ochratoxin A (OTA) is considered to be the most important mycotoxin provoking this nephropathy. However, this nephropathy was recently found to have much complicated pathology and etiology in some countries such as Bulgaria [1] and South Africa [2]. In these countries, spontaneous...
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Yufeng Wang, Technical Sales Manager at Nutrex for the Asian Markets, introduces EndoBan®, a unique product that combines different strategies to minimize the negative effects caused by endotoxins, thereby improving animal production and feed efficiency, during Eurotier 2018 ...
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Geert Van de Mierop, Managing Director at Nutrex, introduces EndoBan®, a unique product that combines different strategies to minimize the negative effects caused by endotoxins, thereby improving performance, during Eurotier 2018
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Carlos López, Area Manager for the Asian Market at Liptosa, describes the main characteristics of the range of products Fintox, adsorbents and detoxifying agents with a broad spectrum of effectiveness against mycotoxins and other endotoxins....
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Crops can be contaminated with mycotoxins already on the field (pre-harvest) or during transport, storage or processing (post-harvest). A survey of mycotoxin contamination in Europe and Asia showed that deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) are 2 of the most important mycotoxins in Europe based on occurrence and toxicity. Both toxins belong to the group of fusariotoxins produced by Fusarium species and often co-occur. ...
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Introduction Cereals are particularly susceptible to fungal contamination during both the pre- and postharvest stages. Many of these fungi are producers of mycotoxins, which are a chemically diverse group of secondary metabolites with a wide range of toxic effects (Bryden, 2012). The contamination of grain by mycotoxins represents a major concern worldwide in the pig production chain, since the effect of these toxins is to reduce animal performance (Andretta et al.,...
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Mycotoxins may cause various toxic effects or mycotoxicosis. Symptoms caused by mycotoxin contamination depend on the level and type of mycotoxins, but also on the several factors such as animal species, sex, environment and nutritional status. Additionally the multi - mycotoxins contamination even at low levels may result in chronic toxicity that produces elevated negative effects on performance and immune system.
Among 400...
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A wet harvest imposes strict requirements on crop storage to prevent the growth of yeast and fungi, which can increase the risk of mycotoxin growth, according to Jacob Dall, Technical Manager, Pig Nutrition, Vitfoss/Vilofoss.
If you suspect problems relating to toxins, you can take...
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1. Introduction The maize ethanol industry continues to grow steadily in the United States, keeping in step with federal government directives for the inclusion of renewable fuels in the U.S. fuel supply. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 [1] and the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 [2] bolstered mandates for biofuel inclusion and directed that maize-based ethanol should constitute 57 billion liters (15 billion gallons) of the U.S. fuel supply annually by the year 2015....
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1. Introduction Toxigenic fungi may often colonize fodder crops and feed components. Under varied environmental conditions, they can produce toxic secondary metabolites, called mycotoxins. A recent study investigated the occurrence of mycotoxins in European feed samples and concluded that 82% of the samples were contaminated with mycotoxins [1], indicating that mycotoxins are omnipresent. All farm animals can experience a negative impact from a dietary intake...
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INTRODUCTION Zearalenone (ZEA) is produced by Fusarium fungi growing on grains worldwide and is mostly found in its derived products. Concentrations depend on climatic conditions, as well as on the conditions of feed storage and production (Rotter et al., 1996; Voss et al., 2007). With a similar structure to estrogen, zearalenone has been demonstrated to affect swine reproduction (Etienne and Jemmali, 1982; Young et al., 1990). Besides its estrogenic effects, zearalenone has...
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