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Mycotoxins in swine
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Aflatoxins are toxic by-products produced by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. The Aspergillus fungus can germinate and grow on feed grains at moisture levels of 15 % or greater in the presence of warm (70 to 100° F) temperatures. Aflatoxin production by the fungus is optimal at moisture levels greater than 17.5 % and temperatures of 77 to 92° F. The toxin can infect a variety of grains but most often occurs in corn. Infection can occur while grain is standing in the...
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The incidence of Fusarium infestation in cereal crops in western Canada has been increasing over the past few years. Fusarium-infected grains produce a toxic metabolite commonly known as vomitoxin. Consuming vomitoxin-contaminated rations can lead to significant reductions in feed intake and reduced pig performance. Generally accepted guidelines suggest that vomitoxin in complete swine rations be maintained at levels under 1 ppm. Faced with a growing supply of contaminated grain, researchers at...
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The effects of chronic oral exposure (28 days) to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) were studied in weaned piglets. Six experimental groups, each comprising two neutered males and two females, were fed ad libitum with rations containing: (A) 0 mg of FB1 and 0 mg of AFB1/kg of feed (control); (B) 10 mg of FB1/kg of feed; (C) 30 mg of FB1/kg of feed; (D) 50 mg of AFB1/kg of feed; (E) 10 mg of FB1 plus 50 mg of AFB1/kg of feed; (F) 30 mg of FB1 plus 50 mg of AFB1/kg of feed. The...
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There are numerous reports indicating that weanling piglets (Friend et al., 1982, Döll et al., 2003) and growing and finishing pigs (House et al., 2002; Dänike et al., 2004) are particularly sensitive to feed-borne Fusarium mycotoxins. The major symptom seen in pigs consuming deoxynivalenol (DON, vomitoxin)-contaminated feed is reduced feed intake resulting from altered brain neurochemistry including elevated brain concentrations of serotonin (Swamy et al., 2002). Other symptoms include...
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Zearalenone (ZEA) is a naturally occurring mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species, mainly Fusarium graminearum, on a variety of different grains, such as corn, wheat, rice, sorghum, barley and rye. (4) The Fusarium graminearum also survives in crop residues, which in turn provide the inoculum for the next year's crop. (3) The primary effect of ZEA is estrogenic, and prepubertal female pigs are clearly the most affected farm animals. The basis for the estrogenic effect is well...
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Testing a mycotoxin adsorber (Agrabond) in a 21-day farm trial on gilts produced favourable results. The objective of this study was to determine if the addition of the mycotoxin adsorbent Agrabond (a brand of Agranco) negated, lessened or postponed the...
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The Indiana Statistics Service has discovered mycotoxin levels in this year’s Indiana corn crop - apparently the worst in 10 years.
316 samples from 70 counties were examined to determine the severity of major ear rot diseases. The toxicology group at the Indiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory performed the analysis.
Samples from six counties were found to contain deoxynivalenol (DON), or vomitoxin. Levels ranged from 0.5 - 8 ppm.
These levels are of great concern to pig...
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Poster presented at the BIOMIN World Nutrition Forum 2006 Introduction Fusarium fungi are capable of producing mycotoxins to a variable degree. The major Fusarium toxins are fumonisins, A- and...
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ABSTRACT Investigation was carried out with twenty-four (24) crossbred (Large White x Landrace) male weanling pigs of 8-9 weeks of age averaging 6.94±0.26 kg to study the haematotoxicity of dietary fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 ) in pigs. The 24 animals were randomly assigned to four treatment diets containing approximately 0.10, 5.10, 10.10 and 15.10 ppm fumonisin B 1 constituting diets 1,2,3 and 4 respectively, in a 6-month feeding trial. Blood...
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Scientists at the University of Manitoba are preparing to launch an expanded full scale assessment of the value of pearling as a means of removing mycotoxin from fusarium contaminated barley.
Fusarium head blight, a fungal infection which primarily affects cereal crops, produces a mycotoxin, deoxynivalenon, which, when included in swine rations, tends to cause feed refusal resulting in slower growth.
Commercial scale pilot studies conducted by the University of Manitoba have shown...
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What information is around on mycotoxins and how does it affect pigs? I would be interested to hear from others if they have come across this problem with grain and the problems they have encountered and how to get around contaminated grain. ...
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Swine
Swine are sensitive to mycotoxins, especially nursing or nursery-age swine. In general, mycotoxins cause reductions in feed intake, growth performance, and immune function when levels are relatively low. Producers must be aware that if one toxin is identified in a sample, the chances are high that other toxins are present. Some toxins may not have been identified as of yet, but research on known mycotoxins provides...
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