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Minerals in swine nutrition
Minerals constitute a small percentage of swine diets, but their importance cannot be over-emphasized. Functions of minerals are extremely diverse, serving a variety of structural, metabolic, and regulatory functions in all body components. The mineral nutrition of pigs must be precise because adding excess minerals to the diet can be costly and cause toxicity while not providing enough minerals can result in deficiency and reduce productivity.
Minerals are classified into macrominerals and microminerals according to the amount required in the diet. Macrominerals or major minerals need to be supplied in larger amounts in swine diets, as is the case of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, chlorine, magnesium, and potassium. Microminerals or trace minerals need to be supplied in smaller amounts in swine diets, as is the case of zinc, copper, iron, manganese, iodine, and selenium. Chromium is also sometimes added to sow and finisher diets to improve performance.
Grains and oilseeds commonly used in swine diets are sources of macrominerals and trace minerals. However, the intrinsic minerals are often found at low concentration and availability in feedstuffs is questionable. Consequently, it is essential to balance the diets using supplemental mineral sources to meet the requirements.
1. Introduction Artificial insemination (AI) in modern pig reproduction requires liquid-stored extended-semen. Extenders provide sperm with nutrients to maintain metabolic processes (1), prevent cold shock (2), control osmotic pressure and pH (3), and antibiotics present in extender inhibit bacterial growth (4). Despite the substantial improvements made on extender formulations in recent years, the quality of stored sperm decreases over time primarily due to the increased...
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Young Dal Jang (University of Wisconsin–River Falls) speaks on the microbiome of pigs and dietary iron levels, during the 11th Symposium on Gut Health in Production of Food Animals in St. Louis, USA....
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Updated Vitamin Requirements Across Species: Microvit® Nutrition Guide
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Introduction: A humpy-backed syndrome of pigs has persisted in the British pork industry and causes of the deformity have been difficult to identify (Penny RHC, 1986). The disease presents challenges in regards to handling the carcass (Holl et al , 2008) and is suspected to slow down growth rate (Straw, Bates, & May, 2009). There is no clear evidence of the biological mechanisms by which kyphosis is induced. Through collecting tissue samples from affected and healthy pigs...
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Wes Schweer (Cargill) comments on the use of zinc oxide, as well as adjusting levels in swine diets, during this Swine It interview with host Laura Greiner....
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Introduction: To prevent iron deficiency anemia, supplemental iron typically is given to piglets within 5 d after birth. Large piglets are at greater risk of iron deficiency than are smaller piglets; however, iron dextran injection protocols are highly variable. The objectives were to determine the within herd prevalence of anemia among piglets, and to evaluate the influence of a supplemental iron dextran injection on growth. Materials and Methods: The study...
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Introduction: Staphylococci are a major disease burden for animals and humans. In swine, Staphylococcus hyicus is the causative agent of exudative epidermitis (greasy pig disease) which is characterized by skin lesions and a greasy exudate. Outbreaks of this disease can result in significant morbidity and mortality. Swine are also common carriers of Staphylococcus aureus and, although this agent poses little threat to swine, its zoonotic potential is...
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1. Introduction Artificial insemination (AI) in modern pig reproduction requires liquid-stored extended semen. Extenders provide sperm with nutrients to maintain metabolic processes, prevent cold shock, control osmotic pressure an pH, and antibiotics present in extender inhibit bacterial growth. Despiste the substantial improvements made on extender formulations in recent years. the quality of stored sperm decreases over time primarily due to the increased damage the plasma...
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Introduction: Phosphorus (P) is an important component in several processes and the main component of the inorganic bone matrix together with calcium (Ca).The minerals can be released from the bones to the blood by the bone turnover processes associated also breaking down the organic matrix of the bone. For reproducing sows, the physiological demand for nutrients covers the supply to the growing fetuses and eventually for milk production. If the dietary supply of P and...
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Introduction: Phosphorus (P) belongs to the essential elements in animals` nutrition and is responsible among others for performance and bone health in weaned piglets. Nowadays, phosphorus achieves an economic relevance due to limited resources of this element. Therefore, aim of the present study was the evaluation of effects of different phosphorus levels in the diet on the performance and bone structure and composition as well to assess bone health in weaned...
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Introduction: Saving the limited resources of phosphate rock and improving intestinal health of pigs represent major challenges of modern pig industry. Consequently, the present study addressed the impact of supplementing variable levels of calcium-phosphate (CaP) on the numbers of selected members of the intestinal microbiome in growing pigs. To investigate the impact of fermentable substrates on the microbiota, two protein sources potentially providing variable...
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Comparison of amino acid digestibility in feed ingredients for mini and commercial pigs
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Introduction: The use of alternatives to antibiotics, such as essential oils, organic acids and zinc oxide for the maintenance of swine health and performance, has been under debate. However, their efficacy varies due to many reasons and also to their availability in the intestine. Encapsulation methods have been applied to protect these compounds against gastric acidity and promote the gradual release to the distal parts of the intestine. The objective of the study was...
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BE THE MASTER OF ENERGY. Dr. Pierre-André Geraert, Adisseo's director of Scientific Marketing, points out the benefits of NESTOR, a service to obtain nutritional recommendations for poultry & swine in net energy, digestible amino acids, and minerals to adapt them to specific conditions ...
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FIGAP 2026: The Scientific And Technological Exhibition Of The Livestock Industry
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As we all know, zinc is one of the essential trace elements in animal body, and it is a component of various metalloenzymes and insulin. It is called "life element" because it has a wide range of physiological and biochemical functions in the body. In traditional breeding, zinc in animal diets is provided in the form of inorganic salts. In recent years, during the breeding process, many farms have What is the effect of zinc methionine by adding zinc methionine ? The following small series...
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Ewa Sujka presents the new natural product, which stands out for its performance in layers and swine, during Eurotier 2018
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The information and technical recommendations provided herein are based on Liptosa's current knowledge and...
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Karen Wedekind, Comparative nutrition manager at Novus International, highlights the benefits of using Organic trace minerals as an important factor that can positively impact bone and cartilage development in monogastrics...
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Updated Vitamin Requirements Across Species: Microvit® Nutrition Guide
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Introduction Post-weaning diarrhoea ( PWD ) is a significant enteric disease causing considerable economic losses for the pig industry. Among several etiological risk factors, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli ( ETEC ) is considered to be a major cause, i.e. colibacillosis. The use of antibiotics at subtherapeutic concentrations was routinely used as growth promoters for several decades, but has since 1 January 2006 been banned in the European Union due to the...
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Background Maize oil is an abundant source of vegetable oil used in human foods and animal feeds. Maize oil provides 8579 kcal/ kg of ME [1], which is comparable to soybean oil (8574 kcal/kg), and greater than canola oil (8384 kcal/kg) and palm kernel oil (7119 kcal/kg) when added to swine diets. The addition of lipids to animal feeds not only increases energy density, but also enhances the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and improves feed efficiency and palatability [2]. The...
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Background and objectives: It was hypothesized that not only the extent of protein digestibility at the end of the ileum influences pig performance and risk for post-weaning diarrhea (PWD), but rate of protein digestion also influences performance and gut-health post-wean. Therefore, a 2-step in vitro assay that simulated nursery pig gastric and small intestinal protein digestion over-time was developed in collaboration with Wageningen University and ForFarmers (Chen et al.,...
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How does the ban change the way we look at feed formulation? Zinc oxide (ZnO) has often covered up mistakes within our piglet feed formulations. When we remove ZnO, excesses or imbalances in our formulation become visually obvious in the form of higher incidences of diarrhoea, variability within a batch, secondary diseases, higher feed costs, higher cost of production, higher mortality and more. The ZnO ban forces us to reflect on some of the often-overlooked aspects of our...
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