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Minerals in swine nutrition
Minerals constitute a small percentage of swine diets, but their importance cannot be over-emphasized. Functions of minerals are extremely diverse, serving a variety of structural, metabolic, and regulatory functions in all body components. The mineral nutrition of pigs must be precise because adding excess minerals to the diet can be costly and cause toxicity while not providing enough minerals can result in deficiency and reduce productivity.
Minerals are classified into macrominerals and microminerals according to the amount required in the diet. Macrominerals or major minerals need to be supplied in larger amounts in swine diets, as is the case of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, chlorine, magnesium, and potassium. Microminerals or trace minerals need to be supplied in smaller amounts in swine diets, as is the case of zinc, copper, iron, manganese, iodine, and selenium. Chromium is also sometimes added to sow and finisher diets to improve performance.
Grains and oilseeds commonly used in swine diets are sources of macrominerals and trace minerals. However, the intrinsic minerals are often found at low concentration and availability in feedstuffs is questionable. Consequently, it is essential to balance the diets using supplemental mineral sources to meet the requirements.
1. Introduction A sustainable use of dietary phosphorus (P) is necessary to minimize its excretion and to limit the use of non-renewable mineral phosphates being progressively a limiting source of P [1]. This, while animal growth performance needs to be fully expressed. The digestive and metabolic processes of P are complex as they are closely linked with those of calcium (Ca) [2]. Excessive dietary Ca may limit P absorbability as well as zinc (Zn) bioavailability, whereas...
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Introduction Obtaining satisfactory production rates as well as welfare of pigs depends on adequate energy and nutrient supply, and among these nutrients phosphorus has deserved special attention. Phosphorus is a critical element for body protein accretion because of its involvement in the energy metabolism, synthesis of nucleic acids, and structure of cell membranes. Muscle tissue contains great amounts of phosphorus compared to fat (Stahly et al., 2000). As a...
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The human health benefits of dietary selenium (Se) and iron (Fe) are well established (Rayman, 1997; Kristensen et al., 2005). Meat and meat products are primary sources of dietary Se and iron for humans. Pork from Se and Fe supplemented pigs may provide an additional source of these nutrients. However, the effects of supplementation of Se and iron on their status in muscles and effects on pork quality are not clearly defined. This study examined the effects of dietary Se and Fe...
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Background and objectives
Pharmacological levels of zinc oxide (ZnO) are widely used in the weaning pig diets to promote growth and prevent post-weaning diarrhea. This practice is not environmentally sustainable; therefore, an effective alternative is warranted to be investigated. The objective of this study is to evaluate supplementation of Zn as Zn methionine hydroxy analogue chelate (Zn-MHAC, MINTREX® Zn, Novus International Inc., St. Charles, MO, USA) at NRC...
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The swine industry has made great strides in swine reproduction; most specifically in the areas of increased litter size, increased milk production and improvements in productivity traits. With such rapid growth and improvement in those areas, other areas are lacking because sows’ diets haven’t all been adjusted yet to account for the nutritional and physiological demands of increased productivity. In general, piglet birth weight has decreased due to larger litter sizes...
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The trace minerals provide essential nutrients required for various metabolic functions such as growth, development, reproduction and immunity. Even moderate deficiency can adversely effect animal performance. Consequent to urbanization and introduction of exotic breed as well as crossbreeding programme in livestock production, the increasing trends toward confinement of livestock, without access to soil or adequate green forage, increases the importance of...
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In 1817, selenium (Se) was isolated for the first time by Berzelius. At that time little was known about its biological function, until its nutritional requirement was revealed about 140 years later by Schwarz and Foltz in 1957...
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Garros Fontinhas, Regional Business Coordinator South America for Selisseo® at Adisseo, explains the mode of action of Selisseo®, organic selenium in feed, as part of the series Minute Selisseo®
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Hear what Dr. Pierre-André Geraert, Director Scientific Marketing at Adisseo, has to say about the importance of selenium as a nutrient, in the series Minute Selisseo®...
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Q: What have been the most interesting findings in your latest research on minerals? A: I will break it down into a couple of major areas. Recently, we've done a lot of...
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To evaluate the available phosphorus in inorganic P supplements, relative bioavailability of P has been measured, and the values were compared with the values from pigs fed monosodium phosphate or monocalcium phosphate. Although only limited data for the bioavailability of calcium in inorganic supplements had been measured, it was assumed the availability of Ca in most Ca supplements was close to 100%. However, it was demonstrated that values for relative bioavailability of P are...
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Outbreaks of avian and swine influenza, as well as African swine fever in Asia, are forcing scientists to reevaluate and redirect their research towards a stronger strengthening of the immune system through nutrition. Immunonutrition is the study of the relationship between...
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On 9-10 September, Animine and the European Federation of Animal Science (EAAP) organized the third Animine Academy in the Chantilly area (France). This two-day international scientific conference gathered more than 100 animal nutritionists from the industry and academy. High quality presentations focused on current challenges in animal production...
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Background and objectives The recent EU ban on therapeutic levels of zinc in animal diets has led to concern regarding potential performance losses and animal welfare. Potential alternatives such as organic acids have been shown to be beneficial in reducing gram negative bacterial and promote digestibility (Canibe et al., 2001; Mroz, 2005). These properties may also help in the replacement of zinc oxide (Roselli et al., 2005). The aim of the study was to evaluate two acid based...
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Modern swine production allowed to increase the productivity at farm level. Due to higher prolificacy, farmers are managing bigger litters with...
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Background and objectives Wheat bran (WB) has been demonstrated to promote intestinal health and improve piglet performance (Molist et al. 2011 & 2012). One proposed mechanism for this effect is that WB inhibits the attachment of bacteria, specifically enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88, to the intestine (Gonzaláz-Ortiz et al. 2014) thereby reducing the risk of ETEC-K88 induced diarrhoea. The objective of this trial was to determine whether WB inclusion...
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Introduction Antibiotics and pharmacological levels of ZnO are common recommendations for prevention of PWD and improvement of growth performance in farms...
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