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Unfortunately,  the roles of amino acid (AA) in nutrition and metabolism have long been neglected, until the conclusion that the AA glutamine is important for intestinal mucosal integrity and AA arginine is a prerequisite for maximum embryonic development and optimum neonatal growth (Wu, 2010). Traditionally, Amino acids (AA) were classified as nutritionally essential or nonessential for anim ...

The trace minerals provide essential nutrients required for various metabolic functions such as growth, development, reproduction and immunity. Even moderate deficiency can adversely effect animal performance. Consequent to urbanization and introduction of exotic breed as well as crossbreeding programme in livestock production, the increasing trends toward confinement of livestock, without access ...

Zinc is critical for the functional and structural integrity of cells and contributes to a number of important processes including gene expression (Cousins, 1996; O’Halloran, 1993; Silva and Williams, 1991). Pools used to supply zinc for these functions are regulated by transporters at the plasma membrane as well as at intracellular sites (McMahon and Cousins, 1998). The liver is also a key ...

Cysticercosis due to Taenia solium is one of the most prominent diseases of zoonotic importance causing significant morbidity and mortality in humans. Cysticercosis, or tapeworm infection, is the most common central nervous system (CNS) parasitic infection worldwide. Taenia solium and Neurocysticercosis (NCC) remains a major public health problem in developing countries. NCC is a parasitic infecti ...

Minerals constitute a small percentage of the animal diet, but their importance in maintenance of normal biological function leading to good health, better growth and optimum reproductive efficiency is well known. Consequent to urbanization and introduction of exotic breed as well as crossbreeding programme in livestock  production, the increasing trends toward confinement of livestock, witho ...

With a long history from demonstration that fertilizing power resides in the spermatozoa and not in the liquid portion of semen by Lazanno Spalbanzani, 1780, the phenomenal growth of AI occurred in the 1940s in the United States. The procedures developed in the United States became established worldwide for manual placement of semen in the reproductive tract of the female by a method other than na ...

Amino acids (AA) are the organic compounds made from amine (-NH2) and carboxylic acid (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side-chain specific to each amino acid. The key elements of an amino acid are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, though other elements are found in the side-chains of certain amino acids (Fig. 1).Fig. 1: Gener ...

Introduction It has been established beyond doubt that micronutrients play important role in livestock production. Mineral supplementation in livestock improves health, enhances growth, reproductive and productive performances. Role of mineral in livestockThe minerals have been broadly classified depending upon the concentration in the body and amount required in the diet. The minerals requir ...