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Minerals in swine nutrition
Technical articles, forums, videos and images Minerals and Vitamins for swine diets
Trace minerals are a commonly ignored source of nutrients in animal feedstuffs. Their physiological roles are often underestimated and their presence in the feed in adequate quantities taken for granted. However, they are necessary to maintain body function, to optimise growth, reproduction and immune response. They therefore play an important part in determining the health status of the animal. A deficiency of these trace elements can cause a considerable...
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Phytate Phytin (deposited complex of inositol hexaphosphate with potassium, magnesium and calcium), more recognized in animal nutrition as phytate, is the major storage form of phosphorus (P) present in seeds. Originally recognised as a source of P during germination, the presence of phytin in the seed during the germination process is now also known to play an important role in preventing oxidative stress and thus...
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INTRODUCTION Organic acids have been used for decades in commercial compound feeds, mostly in feed preservation, where formic and propionic acids are particularly effective. In the European Union, these two organic acids and a number of others (lactic, citric, fumaric and sorbic acids) and their salts (e.g. calcium formate, calcium propionate) are used under the classification ‘feed...
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Steve Elliot, Global Product Director at Alltech, speaks about Q+ (Quality Plus), the mineral quality control program unique to Bioplex Trace Minerals that offers a global quality guarantee to customers using Bioplex Trace Minerals....
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James Pettigrew, professor at University of Illinois, talks about the role of organic trace minerals in improving reproductive performance, the role of selenium, the potencial role of organic chromium, and the role of high level of zinc and copper in improving the health and the reproductive performance of pigs....
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The most important components of a swine herd health management program appear to be all-in/all-out pig flow, segregated weaning, vaccinations, biosecurity and sanitation. However, these powerful tools are often inadequate and other tools are needed. Antibiotics are also important for protecting pig health....
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With an increasing awareness of environmental contamination, trace minerals have come to the forefront for further research. Public concerns are mainly related to soil (accumulation and runoff of minerals from land where manure is applied), water (surface and ground water), and air quality issues (Stalder et al., 2004). To date, pigs have been fed concentrate diets, formulated to provide a margin of excess trace minerals and other nutrients in order...
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Vitamin E (α-tocopherol) is a critically important nutrient for all confinement-reared swine. It is a primary dietary antioxidant that maintains cell membrane integrity and also enhances humoral- and cell-mediated immunity. Other metabolic roles have been reviewed by Brigelius-Flohe and Traber (1999). Vitamin E is not synthesized in the body, thus all swine require dietary sources to meet metabolic needs. Serum alpha-tocopherol level is the method utilized to measure vitamin E...
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Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for animal nutrition. Organic forms of selenium are recognized as more bioavailable than inorganic forms (Daniels, 1996) for most species including pigs (Mahan and Peters, 2004; Fortier and Matte, 2006). In a recent study (Fortier and Matte, 2006), we have shown that the improved selenium status of sows via supplementation with organic selenium (0.3 ppm Se as Sel-Plex® selenium yeast) has drastic consequences for embryos. In early gestation, selenium...
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The term ‘organic minerals’ is misleading in that minerals themselves are inorganic, meaning that they do not contain carbon. However, the term has been adopted to refer to mineral supplements containing inorganic minerals bound to organic substrates. An example of this would be copper (Cu) proteinate, which would be classified as organic, as opposed to Cu sulfate, which would be classified as inorganic. In general, it has been assumed that minerals dissociate from their organic or...
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The efficacy of organic trace minerals in swine nutrition has not been adequately evaluated, particularly during the reproductive period. However, the research to date has generally used a combination of inorganic and organic mineral mixtures. This procedure does not evaluate either source independently and may be confounded further because both inorganic and organic trace minerals may be found in several forms. The bioavailability of each is influenced not only by its form but the...
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The mineral requirements of high producing sows are largely unknown. The research to date demonstrates that both macro- and microminerals become depleted in sows with advancing parity and that high productivity exacerbates depletion. There apparently are periods during the reproductive cycle where both macro- and microminerals are needed in greater quantities. These periods generally occur during late gestation and lactation, but other times may also be critical. Simply fortifying...
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The pig industry is undergoing rapid change and is faced with many challenges, such as a deterioration in pig health status in many countries and a growing concern by the community about how we care for animals and the environment. Minerals play an important role because not only are they essential for growth and reproduction, but their presence also influences the quality of the end product and ultimately human health. However, published recommendations on the inclusion rate of trace...
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Trace elements may be generally defined as those which occur or are required at relatively low concentrations in living tissues. Classically, they have been subdivided into two categories: those which have been established as essential for life or health, and those for which proof of essentiality does not (yet) exist. Although the essentiality of some trace elements is still a matter for debate, it is widely accepted that the trace elements now considered to be essential or beneficial to...
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For sows to remain hyper-prolific throughout their lives and to maintain a high level of production it is important that their nutritional and metabolic needs are met at all stages of reproduction. It is known that nutrition, by influencing the endocrine and physiological status of the sow, affects both short- and long-term reproductive capacity. In terms of nutrition, major emphasis has been directed towards meeting energy, protein and amino acid...
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Introduction All animal tissues contain mineral elements in variable amounts and minerals are needed for efficient pig production. Most of the advances in understanding the nutritional significance of minerals were made during the second quarter of the 20th century and the majority of the studies focused on requirements to avoid deficiencies in the different phases of production. Based on available information the requirements of pigs for calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) are...
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Introduction Worldwide the pork industry is undergoing rapid change in the way that it is structured and in the way that it operates. While the world demand for pork is expected to increase, especially with improved standards of living in developing countries, competition for these markets will be high (Mullan and D’Souza, 2005). Many producers may well question what security there is for themselves in the industry, since there are often large fluctuations in profitability...
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