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1- INTRODUCTION In 2014, it was first reported that pigs could become infected with porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) following consumption of contaminated feed via natural feeding behaviour (Dee et al., 2014). Since that time, similar observations have been reported for Seneca virus A (SVA), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and African swine fever virus (ASFV) (Dee et al., 2020a; Niederwerder et al., 2019,). These and other studies have...
ABSTRACT Poultry diets are formulated primarily using cereals and protein meals (corn, wheat and soybean meal) as the main ingredients. There is noted shift in using coproducts from cereals and oilseeds in poultry diets due to availability and relatively lower cost. However, there is wide variation in the nutritional values of both conventional feedstuffs and coproducts, which creates a necessity of developing routine...
1. Introduction The use of tannin in ruminant nutrition is increasing, mainly due to its diverse positive effects in several aspects concerning physiology, metabolism, and animal performance. However, research results are quite controversial regarding the concentrations and sources used, which reinforces the need for further studies to elucidate these still evident gaps. According to Haslam and Lilley [1], tannins represent secondary compounds of plants and are present in...
Introduction Wheat and barley as alternative cereals can be successfully replaced with corn in poultry diets. These grains could locally grow in many areas of the world and have lower water requirements than corn (Ravindran et al. 1999; Lin et al . 2010). The major components of wheat and barley are starch and proteins, though they have considerable content of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), derived from the cell walls (Olukosi et al . 2007;...
This virtual seminar will take place via Zoom meetings in four days (20, 27, 29, and 30th of September, 2021), from 16:00 to 18:30 (Spain time). All the conferences will be given in English and there will be simultaneous translation to Spanish. The seminar will...
Screening of EST-database from the whitefly B. tabaci allowed identification of three BtabCSP clones (BtabCSP-1, BtabCSP2 and BtabCSP3; Liu et al., 2016a,b). In the course of our studies on whitefly CSPs, we have shown that BtabCSPs and in particular BtabCSP2 contain specific genomic DNA sequences (Q260, BaA, CWF-1, BaA, OPT12 and SCAR markers) that can become extremely useful for biotyping. BtabCSPs represent a set of functional “nuclear” genes that are as important as...
INTRODUCTION Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a tropical forage species widely used in ruminant nutrition. Sorghum is considered the best option in arid and semi-arid regions worldwide. Sorghum is a typical plant of hot climates due to its xerophilic characteristics, low soil fertility requirements, high tolerance/resistance to water stress and salinity (HASSAN et al., 2018). Sorghum grain has been used as an energy source in ruminant diet formulation and...
Introduction The poultry industry in Nigeria is an essential subsector of agriculture that provides food, employment, and other economic resources for the country (Ezekiel et al. 2012a). Livestock production can be threatened when feeds are contaminated by fungi and their toxic metabolites. Several mycotoxins, including aflatoxins (AFs), cyclopiazonic acid (CPA ), fumonisins (FUMs ), nivalenol (N IV ) and zearalenone (ZEN) have been reported to contaminate poultry feed and their...
Introduction Animal-source feedstuffs are generally superior to plant-source ones for the growth and health of livestock, poultry, and fish (Wu 2018). This is due, in part, to the greater quantity of proteinogenic amino acids (AAs) and higher quality (the ratios and digestibilities of AAs) of the former than the latter. Traditionally, extensive research has focused on AAs that are not synthesized by animal cells and are known as nutritionally essential AAs (EAAs), including...
1. Introduction Avena sativa, commonly known as oats, is a cereal belonging to the Poaceae grass family that has traditionally been used as animal feed, particularly for horses and dairy cows. In recent years, the beneficial nutritional and physiological effects of oat products have generated an increase in nutrition-conscious consumer demand. The characteristic feature of oat grains is the favourable profile of amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and essential unsaturated...
I. INTRODUCTION Soybean meal is the most widely used protein source in poultry diets, because of its high levels of crude protein, high digestibility and consistency compared to other protein ingredients. However, its nutritional value is affected by several factors, such as genetic selection (Palacios et al., 2004; Loeffler et al., 2013), production or planting environment (van Kempen et al., 2002; Goldflus et al., 2006) and crushing process, which affect the concentration of...
Summary: - A growing population that we have to feed by 2050, approximately 9,000 million inhabitants. - Climate change, global warming, atmospheric phenomena (Hurricanes, floods, prolonged drought that drastically affects grain crops). - Overfishing in our seas that are decimating and extinguishing some marine species. ...
Both glucose and amino acids are essential for muscle protein deposition and feed conversion efficiency. Total tract nitrogen retention was reported to be influenced by protein and starch digestion in broiler chickens (Liu et al., 2013). Embracing the concept of digestive dynamics and applying it in practical diet formulation requires understanding of the variations of protein and starch digestion rates in different ingredients. This present study evaluated protein and starch digestion rates...
Background Canola is an offspring of rapeseed which belongs to the cabbage family or Brassicas. The genus Brassica also contains plants such as cabbage, radish, kale, mustard and cauliflower [10]. Rapeseed oil contains around 25- 45 % erucic acid whereas the meal contains about 110- 150 μmoles/g of aliphatic glucosinolates [12]. Rapeseed was cultivated more than 3000 years ago in India and 2000 years ago in China and Japan. The development of steam power resulted in better...
1. Introduction Grain production is the basis of global food security and is indispensable for feeding the world. In 1798, Malthus argued that the global population increases more rapidly than global food supply until war, disease, or famine reduces the number of people [1]. The failure thus far of Malthus’s prediction has not prevented others from promoting similar scenarios in more recent decades. For example, Paddock [2] forecasted a worldwide famine by 1975 and stated...
1. Introduction Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating fungal disease that affects wheat and other small-grain cereals worldwide, caused by several species belonging to the genus Fusarium. Besides causing significant yield losses and reducing grain quality [1], these species are also able to biosynthesize mycotoxins harmful to both humans and animals [2,3]. F. culmorum (W. G. Smith) Sacc. and F. graminearum Schwabe are generally considered the two most important FHB causal...
Mycotoxins represent a risk to the feed supply chain with an impact on animal health, feed industry, economy, and international trade. A high percentage of feed samples have been reported to be contaminated with more than one mycotoxin. Multi-mycotoxin contamination is a topic of great concern, as co-contaminated samples might still exert adverse effects on animals due to additive/synergistic interactions of the mycotoxins. Since mycotoxin contamination cannot be completely prevented pre-or...